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For engineering polymer printing, interlayer fusion is usually either heat\u2010enabled or binder\u2010based, which may introduce thermal residual stress, warpage, and undesirable impurities. To overcome such challenges, a two\u2010step immersion phase separation (IPS)\u2010based room\u2010temperature polymer fusion and solidification approach for self\u2010supported engineering polymer printing, termed IPS\u2010embedded 3D printing (IPS\u2010E3DP) is introduced. IPS\u2010E3DP is implemented by first depositing polymer inks in a solvent\u2010rich yield\u2010stress pre\u2010coagulation support bath to have an intermediate green part and then immersing the intermediate green part in a non\u2010solvent coagulation bath for complete solidification. During the first critical step, dissolved polymer ink holds its deposited shape and fuses with a previously deposited polymeric feature in the pre\u2010coagulation support bath. Specifically, it is the high\u2010concentration solvent bath (usually 80% or higher) that enables tunable liquid\u2010state fusion of polymers when the deposited polymer solidifies, and it is the yield\u2010stress support bath that prevents the deposited polymer ink from spreading and deformation during fusion. IPS\u2010E3DP enables the self\u2010supported room\u2010temperature high\u2010fidelity printing of a wide range of engineering polymers, blends, and composites with superior geometric complexity. The process can be tailored as a polymer binder\u2010based printing approach for versatile material printing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202508335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T10:10:18Z","timestamp":1753697418000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Solvent\u2010Rich Pre\u2010Coagulation Bath for Tunable Liquid\u2010State Fusion Enables Robust Two\u2010Step Polymer Embedded Printing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5900-1516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaidong","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville FL 32611 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0763-8616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qian","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310028 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley M.","family":"Compaan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville FL 32611 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junting","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310028 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanshen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville FL 32611 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingwei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310028 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Sole\u2010Gras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville FL 32611 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John\u2010Thomas T.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville FL 32611 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville FL 32611 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huayong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310028 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville FL 32611 USA"},{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Florida  Gainesville FL 32611 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1937-6812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University  Hangzhou 310028 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4028725"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-00271-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-019-0097-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.6b00627"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"348","volume":"2015","author":"Richardson J. 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