{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:37:11Z","timestamp":1788568631455,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005847","name":"Health and Medical Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["COVID1903015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COVID1903015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The increasing global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been identified as a critical public health crisis, necessitating the development of robust, real\u2010time surveillance frameworks to evaluate AMR dynamics. Sewage surveillance is emerging as a promising tool that utilizes sewage fingerprinting to provide comprehensive and unbiased information on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within human populations. Here, we conducted a large\u2010scale, year\u2010long field surveillance of resistome in the community sewage using both short\u2010 and long\u2010read metagenomic sequencing. We examined samples collected from 95 geographically distributed sites across Hong Kong, covering a population of 4.8 million residents, during summer and winter seasons. Our findings revealed distinct seasonal patterns through high\u2010resolution resistome profiling. We found that the resistome structures shifted from the community sewage collected at sewer manholes to the influent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), driven by taxonomic variation. Notably, community sewage exhibited a significantly higher similarity to the resistome of human feces than WWTP influent, which provides insights for selecting suitable sampling sites for epidemiological ARG surveillance. The application of long\u2010read sequencing markedly enhanced our understanding of the phylogenetic diversity of ARG hosts and uncovered a broad spectrum of potentially mobile ARGs with varied genetic backgrounds. Furthermore, we observed multiple local ARG transmission patterns and subsequently evaluated their potential threats to public health based on the gene trees to inform future epidemiological control strategies. Overall, this work expands our current understanding of community sewage for population\u2010level AMR monitoring and establishes a baseline for advancing sewage surveillance efforts to better combat AMR.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202508389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T17:22:59Z","timestamp":1772990579000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Highly Resolved Community Sewage Metagenomics Unveiling Landscape and Transmission Patterns of Antibiotic Resistome in Hong Kong Populations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jiahui","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab Center For Environmental Engineering Research Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab Center For Environmental Engineering Research Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab Center For Environmental Engineering Research Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dou","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab Center For Environmental Engineering Research Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab Center For Environmental Engineering Research Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab Center For Environmental Engineering Research Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiawan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab Center For Environmental Engineering Research Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HKU\u2010Pasteur Research Pole The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab Center For Environmental Engineering Research Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Faculty of Dentistry The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommy T. Y.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"HKU\u2010Pasteur Research Pole The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases School of Public Health The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Centre For Immunology &amp; Infection  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"The Hong Kong Jockey Club Global Health Institute  Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liguan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab Center For Environmental Engineering Research Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Department of Science and Environmental Studies The Education University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1148-4322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Microbiome Engineering and Biotechnology Lab Center For Environmental Engineering Research Department of Civil Engineering The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"School of Public Health The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology  Macao Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Health City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation The University of Hong Kong  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01492.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2011.00274.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01867-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10643389.2019.1692611"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-49417-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)01019-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aba3432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00010-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(24)00175-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.119621"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b00163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117400"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138764"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.127456"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP9966"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2024.121989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-08853-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34312-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44221-024-00310-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0298-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c08673"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52427-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25096-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac163"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105667"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1495"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1162986"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2021.117885"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42998-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44289-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2021.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-02944-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-22757-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29096-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28819-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac1220"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2008731118"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17672"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133815"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01038-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.01.207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2022.115806"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M401701200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.175.12.3784-3789.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107185"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105270"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2023.04.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-25202-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac627"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-018-1602-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41545-020-0059-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.0c00202"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30278-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113568"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01068-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116318"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2016.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-019-09912-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msae086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41396-019-0578-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.01.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2021.102091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2017.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.658943"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj6987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1923"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bty191"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2023.120641"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.1650"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2022.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.3176"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.152190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-024-03363-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-021-01192-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-023-01953-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2014-15-3-r46"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab776"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad875"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-019-0072-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0112963"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prodigal: Prokaryotic Gene Recognition and Translation Initiation Site Identification","volume":"11","author":"Hyatt D.","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics [Electronic Resource]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq033"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv784"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/msb.2011.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msaa015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Package \u2032Vegan","volume":"2","author":"Oksanen J.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Community Ecology Package"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad359"}],"container-title":["Advanced Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.202508389","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/advs.202508389","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.202508389","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T11:08:07Z","timestamp":1775819287000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/advs.202508389"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/advs.202508389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202508389","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-3844","2198-3844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-3844","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-3844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-16","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e08389"}}