{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T08:00:59Z","timestamp":1790928059635,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"39","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Organic neuromorphic electronics aim to emulate the adaptive behavior of biological synapses using soft, biocompatible materials capable of analog and stimulus\u2010responsive modulation. While azobenzene\u2010based semiconductors provide reversible light\u2010induced switching, their application in mixed ionic\u2010electronic conductors for neuromorphic systems remains largely unexplored. In this study, photoresponsive organic photoelectrochemical transistors (OPECTs) are engineered by functionalizing PEDOT:PSS with azobenzene derivatives bearing nitro or fluorine substituents. These modifications alter the electronic structure and surface properties of the gate, enabling systematic tuning of interfacial capacitance, a critical parameter governing photogating and neuromorphic response. Optical and electrochemical measurements, supported by DFT calculations reveal that substituent\u2010dependent modulation of bulk and interfacial capacitance directly impacts gating efficiency. Devices exhibit reversible, analog conductance changes under optical and electrical co\u2010stimulation, emulating both short\u2010 and long\u2010term synaptic plasticity. These results establish a structure\u2013capacitance\u2013function relationship and provide a chemically tunable platform for the development of light\u2010responsive neuromorphic interfaces in adaptive bioelectronics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202509125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T19:31:53Z","timestamp":1753817513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Designing Light\u2010Sensitive Organic Semiconductors with Azobenzenes for Photoelectrochemical Transistors as Neuromorphic Platforms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Isabela","family":"Berndt Paro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI\u20103 Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich  52428 J\u00fclich Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT Neuroelectronic Interfaces  RWTH 52074 Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Gini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI\u20103 Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich  52428 J\u00fclich Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT Neuroelectronic Interfaces  RWTH 52074 Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"D\u2019 Elia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI\u20103 Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich  52428 J\u00fclich Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT Neuroelectronic Interfaces  RWTH 52074 Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Massaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Science University of Naples Federico II, Compl. Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo  Via Cintia 21 Naples 80126 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Corrado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI\u20103 Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich  52428 J\u00fclich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI\u20103 Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich  52428 J\u00fclich Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT Neuroelectronic Interfaces  RWTH 52074 Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Varela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University  52056 Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Elli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensing Technologies Lab Faculty of Engineering Free University of Bozen\u2010Bolzano  via Bruno Buozzi 1 Bozen\u2010Bolzano 39100 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT Neuroelectronic Interfaces  RWTH 52074 Aachen Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University  52056 Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"GiovanniMaria","family":"Piccini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences University of Modena and Reggio Emilia  Via G. Campi 103 Modena 41125 Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry RWTH Aachen University  52056 Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Petti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sensing Technologies Lab Faculty of Engineering Free University of Bozen\u2010Bolzano  via Bruno Buozzi 1 Bozen\u2010Bolzano 39100 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Leonori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Organic Chemistry RWTH Aachen University  52056 Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Belen","family":"Mu\u00f1oz\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics \u201cE. Pancini\u201d University of Naples Federico II, Compl. Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo  Via Cintia 21 Naples 80126 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Pavone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Science University of Naples Federico II, Compl. Univ. Monte Sant'Angelo  Via Cintia 21 Naples 80126 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Offenh\u00e4usser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI\u20103 Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich  52428 J\u00fclich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Criscuolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI\u20103 Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich  52428 J\u00fclich Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT Neuroelectronic Interfaces  RWTH 52074 Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biological Information Processing IBI\u20103 Forschungszentrum J\u00fclich  52428 J\u00fclich Germany"},{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering and IT Neuroelectronic Interfaces  RWTH 52074 Aachen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.5b05313"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202000099"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202000162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41313-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-56814-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202405887"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7330"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf6298"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201201737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202300146"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202010116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202205007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-019-0632-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TC05444B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202303812"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ac37a6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202400822"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.4c04191"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.201800536"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-019-0435-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.2c01493"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR03421J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202407654"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202100732"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202300580"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202408186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202211277"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202109046"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ntls.20220020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41570-021-00334-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202400822"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201503799"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbi.2019.01.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40766-021-00014-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43630-022-00262-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsapm.2c02034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.1c05167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacsau.2c00515"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c16317"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c4tb00169a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41083-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ente.201900667"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiec.2016.07.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201000471"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CC03152C"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/9720181"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2015.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2018.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sstr.202100087"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","volume-title":"Principles of neural science","author":"Kandel E. R.","year":"2013"}],"container-title":["Advanced Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.202509125","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/advs.202509125","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.202509125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T19:07:09Z","timestamp":1773083229000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/advs.202509125"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"39","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/advs.202509125"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202509125","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-3844","2198-3844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-3844","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-3844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e09125"}}