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This study utilizes single\u2010cell RNA sequencing (scRNA\u2010seq) of bone marrow and peripheral blood from MG patients during acute exacerbations, combined with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) mouse models and clinical cohort analyses, to investigate the potential involvement of a neutrophil\u2013B\u2010cell activating factor (BAFF) \u2013plasma cell axis. The results reveal that, during MG acute exacerbation, bone\u2010marrow neutrophils exhibit significantly enhanced maturation. Upon migration to the peripheral blood, these neutrophils secrete increased amounts of BAFF, further promoting pathological B\u2010cell differentiation and plasma cell activation. Moreover, gene knockout models and serum cytokine analyses reveal that the IFN\u2010\u03b3 signaling pathway is a key driver of this excessive BAFF secretion, supporting the existence of a neutrophil\u2013BAFF\u2013plasma cell interaction relevant to MG exacerbation. Clinical data analysis shows that MG patients with high baseline neutrophil levels derive greater benefit from treatment with the BAFF\/APRIL dual\u2010target inhibitor telitacicept. Collectively, this study reveals the mechanistic link between neutrophil activation and MG exacerbation, providing insights that may inform precision\u2010targeted immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202509260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T09:54:00Z","timestamp":1758794040000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Single\u2010Cell Immune Profiling Reveals Neutrophils Promote Myasthenia Gravis Exacerbation Through BAFF Secretion"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7702-9915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaoxu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Peking University People's Hospital  Beijing 100044 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