{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T04:28:50Z","timestamp":1793161730650,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"42","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018700","name":"HORIZON EUROPE Climate, Energy and Mobility","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101122061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101122061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["INST 40\/575\u20101 FUGG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INST 40\/575\u20101 FUGG"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["364549901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["364549901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ionic polymeric carbon nitrides, poly(heptazine imides) (PHIs), have emerged as promising photocatalysts, yet the relationship between their structure, exciton dynamics, and activity has remained elusive so far. Here, a direct link is established between photocatalytic activity, spectroscopic properties, and theoretical analysis of structural effects on exciton behavior in water\u2010soluble PHIs with different cations. Using steady\u2010state and time\u2010resolved emission spectroscopy alongside ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy performed in the absence and presence of hole and electron quenchers, two distinct excitonic relaxation pathways are uncovered: sub\u2010100 ps decay dominated by exciton recombination and shallow\u2010trap states, and sub\u2010ns dynamics associated with deep\u2010trap assisted recombination. Notably, ethanol accelerated the sub\u2010100 ps decay via hole quenching, while the deep traps are unaffected by ethanol. The spectroscopic results show that the photocatalytic activity in H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    production (CsPHI &lt;&lt; NaPHI &lt; KPHI) correlates with exciton lifetimes, whereby the theoretical analysis reveals that the observed modulation of exciton lifetimes is primarily related to different dark exciton dynamics governed by changes in interlayer interactions due to the altered structural corrugation in the presence of various cations. This work establishes a unified structure\u2013dynamics\u2013activity relationship in PHIs, offering new design guidelines for PHI\u2010based photocatalytic materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202509312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T08:27:04Z","timestamp":1755764824000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Photocatalytic Activity of Ionic Carbon Nitrides is Governed by Cation\u2010Modulated Dark Exciton Dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7391-6605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arindam","family":"Konar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Lessingstrasse 4 07743 Jena Germany"},{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz\u2010IPHT) Research Department Functional Interfaces  Albert\u2010Einstein\u2010Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8335-6309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Liessem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University  Albert\u2010Einstein\u2010Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7625-2787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changbin","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University  Albert\u2010Einstein\u2010Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4315-3878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed M.","family":"Elnagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University  Albert\u2010Einstein\u2010Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4285-5299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Mitoraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University  Albert\u2010Einstein\u2010Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8121-1381","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pratibha","family":"Saini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Lessingstrasse 4 07743 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4926-2338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor","family":"Krivtsov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering University of Oviedo  Oviedo 33006 Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7153-0338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah Jasmin","family":"Finkelmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz\u2010IPHT) Research Department Functional Interfaces  Albert\u2010Einstein\u2010Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5984-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Griebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM)  Permoserstra\u00dfe 15 04318 Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5579-0260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Presselt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz\u2010IPHT) Research Department Functional Interfaces  Albert\u2010Einstein\u2010Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany"},{"name":"Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena) Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany"},{"name":"Sciclus GmbH &amp; Co. KG  Moritz\u2010von\u2010Rohr\u2010Str. 1a 07745 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7777-2306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timo","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University  Albert\u2010Einstein\u2010Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany"},{"name":"Helmholtz\u2010Institute\u2010Ulm (HIU) Electrochemical Energy Storage  89081 Ulm Germany"},{"name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)  76021 Karlsruhe Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7926-0774","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radim","family":"Beranek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Electrochemistry Ulm University  Albert\u2010Einstein\u2010Allee 47 89081 Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2842-3537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Dietzek\u2010Ivan\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Chemistry Friedrich Schiller University Jena  Lessingstrasse 4 07743 Jena Germany"},{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz\u2010IPHT) Research Department Functional Interfaces  Albert\u2010Einstein\u2010Strasse 9 07745 Jena Germany"},{"name":"Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering (IOM)  Permoserstra\u00dfe 15 04318 Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","volume-title":"Semiconductor Photocatalysis: Principles and Applications","author":"Kisch H.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202402651"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202307227"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2017.30"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202101078"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201800820"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201407938"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201913331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0TA01973A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202417752"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202207314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms12165"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8SC00745D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cctc.201901076"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.9b02199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202406290"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201608553"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.8b01969"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9TA09500D"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201705477"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202002921"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202105369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202003049"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202107061"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202407307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201503448"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201902314"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b04556"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24048-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.2c00528"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2TA08045A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1CC03812E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202405549"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D5TC01121C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202100313"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3527077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1AN00582K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c05250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chem.202102945"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201700555"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cssc.202500775"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0SE01366H"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202200936"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.9b01587"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D2NJ04571K"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp031305d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp3075942"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b01547"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ja042925a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jp909442s"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.2c02843"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2307671120"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.200800847"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lapl.200610070"}],"container-title":["Advanced Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.202509312","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T11:32:38Z","timestamp":1763119958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/advs.202509312"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"42","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/advs.202509312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202509312","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-3844","2198-3844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-3844","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-3844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e09312"}}