{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T01:26:47Z","timestamp":1789694807962,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761264000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Energy production and storage represent challenges for biodegradable and edible technologies. Here, this study describes an edible energy storage and valve system designed to power pneumatically driven edible robots. The edible pneumatic battery exploits the acid\u2010base neutralization reaction of food\u2010grade reactants: under gravity, citric acid mixes with sodium bicarbonate powder to produce a steady release of carbon dioxide (CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) gas. The generated gas pressure causes deformation of a connected edible pneumatic actuator. When the gas pressure reaches a threshold, an edible valve automatically releases the pressurized gas, which lets the actuator return to its resting state. The entire system, whose characteristics are consistent with model estimates, is fully edible and enables self\u2010sustained and repetitive bending motion of the edible actuator. This design is scalable in terms of sizes (30\u201350 mm diameter), operation time (20\u2013650\u00a0s), and CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    gas generation rate (0.1\u20131.4\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010\n                    <jats:sup>\u22123\u00a0<\/jats:sup>\n                    mol\u00a0s\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). Additionally, the actuator's motion can be programmed by modifying the orifice size or the fluidic resistance between the energy source, actuator, and valve. The system is validated by fabricating a fully edible system, and its application is showcased as a foot\u2010pressed triggered edible actuator that mimics prey behavior to attract predators.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202509350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T10:36:37Z","timestamp":1761302197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Edible Pneumatic Battery for Sustained and Repeated Robot Actuation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9006-9789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bokeon","family":"Kwak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Intelligent Systems, School of Engineering Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Lausanne 1015 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8932-9604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuhang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Intelligent Systems, School of Engineering Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Lausanne 1015 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0361-4596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Keller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology University of Bristol Bristol BS16 1QY UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8720-6391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiukai","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology University of Bristol Bristol BS16 1QY UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9109-9987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan","family":"Rossiter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering Mathematics and Technology University of Bristol Bristol BS16 1QY UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5330-4863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dario","family":"Floreano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Intelligent Systems, School of Engineering Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne (EPFL)  Lausanne 1015 Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201804598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202101941"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2022.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2018.0149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202300473"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2021.0053"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adsr.202300092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aay2627"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202300039"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/soro.2014.0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"525","volume-title":"Robotics Research\u2014Soft Mobile Robots with On\u2010Board Chemical Pressure Generation\u2014Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics","author":"Onal C. 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