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However, the behavior and physiological role of endogenous MSCs in distal organ repair remain undetermined. In this study, a suite of genetic tools is generated to distinguish MSCs between tissues, and to map their fate in local, proximate, and distal organ repair. By single\u2010cell RNA\u2010sequencing, it is found that the transcriptomic profiles of most non\u2010bone marrow\u2010derived mesenchymal stromal cells (nonBM\u2010MSCs) exhibited high similarities, yet differed from that of bone marrow\u2010derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM\u2010MSCs), especially in their less abundant secretome. Fate\u2010mapping experiments demonstrated that BM\u2010MSCs do not contribute to the formation of myofibroblasts during fibrosis or cancer\u2010associated fibroblasts (CAFs) during tumorigenesis. In contrast, MSCs from proximate tissues actively migrated to the site of bone fracture, where they contributed to the formation of fibrocartilaginous soft callus. During injury\u2010associated inflammation, local MSCs modulated the polarization of tissue\u2010resident macrophages, whereas BM\u2010MSCs mobilized monocytes to the site of inflammation. Conditional deletion of\n                    <jats:italic>Ccl2<\/jats:italic>\n                    in BM\u2010MSCs, but not in colon\u2010resident MSCs, ameliorated colon inflammation and restored body weight after colitis. Thus, injury repair is orchestrated by MSCs from multiple sources, with local, proximate, and distal MSCs acting through different mechanisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202509533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T03:52:14Z","timestamp":1764301934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Mapping the Tissue\u2010of\u2010Origins of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Injury Repair"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xinyu Thomas","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Multi\u2010Cell Systems Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shanghai 200031 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiming 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