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However, the physiological function of nonadecanoic acid (C19:0) remains unclear. In this study, we identify an inverse association between plasma C19:0 levels and T2DM in the Kazakh population in Xinjiang, China. Investigations using diet\u2010induced obese (DIO) and\n                    <jats:italic>db\/db<\/jats:italic>\n                    mouse models revealed that C19:0 has the potential to improve glucose tolerance and enhance insulin sensitivity. Mechanistically, our data demonstrate that C19:0 acts as an endogenous ligand for GPR120, mediating metabolic benefits both in vitro and in vivo. Further analyses indicate that 2\u2010hydroxyacyl\u2010CoA lyase (HACL1) directly participates in the biosynthesis of C19:0, with its expression regulated by peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor \u03b1 (PPAR\u03b1). Elevated palmitic acid (PA) levels in obesity suppress PPAR\u03b1 via miR548ab release, thereby impairing the PPAR\u03b1\u2013HACL1\u2013C19:0 signaling pathway. Collectively, these findings establish a novel association between C19:0 and T2DM and elucidate a distinct mechanism accounting for reduced circulating C19:0 levels in obesity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202509534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T14:59:57Z","timestamp":1772981997000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Novel Function of Nonadecanoic Acid in Regulating Glucose Homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yanting","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Shihezi University  Shihezi China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases of Shihezi University  Shihezi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinghua","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College of Shihezi 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