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However, their limited single\u2010particle brightness has hindered broader applications. The study addresses this challenge by enhancing energy migration (EM) between sensitizer Yb\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    to improve energy transfer efficiency to emitter Er\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Nanoparticles are designed with a sensitizer\/emitter\u2010segregated core\u2010shell\u2010shell architecture (NaLu\n                    <jats:sub>0.9<\/jats:sub>\n                    Er\n                    <jats:sub>0.1<\/jats:sub>\n                    F\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    @NaYbF\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    @NaLuF\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) to inhibit back energy transfer (BET) and then increased Yb\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    doping levels (NaLu\n                    <jats:sub>0.9\u2010x<\/jats:sub>\n                    Yb\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    Er\n                    <jats:sub>0.1<\/jats:sub>\n                    F\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    @NaYbF\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    @NaLuF\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) to enhance EM into the core. UCNPs with an alloy\u2010core of NaYb\n                    <jats:sub>0.9<\/jats:sub>\n                    Er\n                    <jats:sub>0.1<\/jats:sub>\n                    F\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    exhibited the brightest upconversion luminescence, achieving over a tenfold enhancement compared to NaLu\n                    <jats:sub>0.9<\/jats:sub>\n                    Er\n                    <jats:sub>0.1<\/jats:sub>\n                    F\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010core counterparts, highlighting the importance of EM. Further optimization of the Yb\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \/Er\n                    <jats:sup>3+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ratio and inert shell thickness (NaLuF\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) maximized single\u2010particle brightness. These optimized UCNPs enabled long\u2010term tracking of axonal transport in live dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Using a Bayesian Hidden Markov Model, it quantitatively characterized resolved heterogeneous motion states and annotated trajectories with local spatiotemporal dynamics of retrograde, anterograde, and diffusive motions. The analysis revealed a kinesin\u2010dynein coordination mechanism, where anterograde motion facilitates retrograde activation. It also examined the effects of inhibitors and stimulants on transport behavior. These findings establish upconversion single\u2010particle tracking (uSPT) as a powerful tool for long\u2010term, real\u2010time monitoring of neuronal activities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202510624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T10:18:26Z","timestamp":1756289906000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Enhanced Single\u2010Particle Upconversion Imaging via Energy Migration Boosting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yanxin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Fudan University  Shanghai 200438 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Shanghai Key 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