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Macrophages have remarkable plasticity that is shaped by diverse external stimuli to adapt to the dynamic lung microenvironment. Traditional models of macrophage polarization (M1\/M2) cannot capture the full complexity of macrophage heterogeneity and diverse functions during lung infections. Recent advances in single\u2010cell omics have provided new insights into distinct macrophage subtypes, revealing their unique transcriptional profiles across various stages of infection. This review focuses on the functional plasticity of pulmonary macrophages and how environmental cues modulate their activation and effector functions. An integrative classification framework that defines six major functional macrophage subtypes in pulmonary infections, based on single\u2010cell omics with functional perspectives is proposed. 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