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This study demonstrates that\n                    <jats:italic>SA<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010derived extracellular vesicles (\n                    <jats:italic>SA<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010EVs) accumulate in gastric tissue, enter epithelial cells, and induce acute gastritis characterized by neutrophil infiltration and elevated cytokines (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, IL\u201017A). Chronic exposure leads to sustained inflammation, tight junction disruption (Claudin\u201018, Occludin, ZO\u20101), and mucosal damage. Proteomic analysis identified TMPC and FBP62 as virulence\u2010associated proteins enriched in\n                    <jats:italic>SA<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010EVs, while transcriptomics revealed activation of macrophage polarization and cytokine\u2010receptor pathways. Metabolomic profiling indicated dysregulated aspartate metabolism and inflammation\u2010related metabolic changes, alongside increased gut\n                    <jats:italic>SA<\/jats:italic>\n                    abundance. Notably, genetic deletion of\n                    <jats:italic>Tmpc<\/jats:italic>\n                    or\n                    <jats:italic>Fbp62<\/jats:italic>\n                    significantly attenuated\n                    <jats:italic>SA<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010EVs pathogenicity in vivo, reducing gastric inflammation, cytokine production, and macrophage infiltration. These findings establish\n                    <jats:italic>SA<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010EVs as key mediators of non\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    gastritis, with TMPC and FBP62 orchestrating epithelial barrier disruption, immune activation, and metabolic dysregulation, highlights their potential as therapeutic targets.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202512494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T12:15:16Z","timestamp":1769775316000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Extracellular Vesicles of\n                    <i>Streptococcus anginosus<\/i>\n                    Mediate Gastritis via Epithelial Barrier Disruption and Macrophage\u2010driven Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5987-5344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Gong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou P. 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