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However, their precise role remains a subject of debate. To clarify this, a Gli1\u2010CreER lineage tracing tool to track these cells in an atherosclerosis model is initially used. This fate\u2010mapping studies revealed that Gli1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    cells contribute to a small subset of SMCs. To definitively differentiate between the true lineage transformation and potential ectopic labeling by Gli1\u2010CreER in SMCs, a dual recombinase\u2010mediated genetic strategy to label Gli1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ASCs while eliminating ectopic labeling in SMCs is developed. The results from this dual lineage tracing approach demonstrated that Gli1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ASCs do not contribute to the SMC population in atherosclerotic plaques. Instead, Gli1\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ASCs differentiate into a significant portion of SMCs after vascular anastomosis injury, suggesting their role is context\u2010dependent. These findings challenge current paradigms and highlight the need to reconsider cellular targets for therapeutic interventions in atherosclerosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202512897","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T09:06:41Z","timestamp":1764752801000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Contribution of Gli1\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    Adventitial Stem Cells to Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis and Vascular Injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6962-8408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haixiao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Research Institute Pediatric Discipline Group The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou 325000 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