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RGC replacement therapy holds promise for visual function restoration, yet its therapeutic efficacy is constrained by the hostile glaucomatous microenvironment, dominated by oxidative stress that compromises transplanted RGC survival. Here, we report the design of multifunctional lithium\u2010epigallocatechin gallate nanoparticles (Li\u2010EGCG NPs) to synergistically enhance antioxidant capacity and neuroprotection. These NPs exhibit uniform spherical morphology, broad\u2010spectrum reactive oxygen species scavenging activity, and exceptional biocompatibility with embryonic stem cell\u2010derived RGCs (ESC\u2010RGCs). In vitro, Li\u2010EGCG NPs mitigate oxidative stress\u2010induced apoptosis, preserve neurite integrity, and maintain mitochondrial homeostasis in ESC\u2010RGCs. Transcriptomic analyses reveal activation of neuroprotective pathways, including apoptosis regulation, axon guidance, and mitochondrial function. In a retinal ischemia\/reperfusion injury model, which serves as an acute pathological glaucomatous injury model, combinatorial Li\u2010EGCG NPs and ESC\u2010RGCs transplantation markedly improves ESC\u2010RGCs survival, preserves retinal architecture, and restores visual function beyond single\u2010modality therapy. This study establishes Li\u2010EGCG NPs as a robust nanomedicine platform for retinal neurodegenerative diseases, offering a promising strategy to augment cell\u2010based therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202513499","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T09:01:49Z","timestamp":1771664509000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti\u2010Apoptotic and Neurite\u2010Protective Nanomedicine Augments Embryonic Stem Cells\u2010Derived Retinal Ganglion Cell Transplantation in Glaucoma Recovery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Moxin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Ninth People's Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai P. R. China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology  Shanghai P. R. 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