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This work systematically delineates age\u2010associated alterations in innate and adaptive immunity and their impact on responses to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 inactivated vaccination. Compared to young mice, aged mice exhibited polarized bystander Th1 CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cell populations (31.68 \u00b1 5.62%\u00a0versus 3.31 \u00b1 0.48%) with distinct transcriptomic signatures, which augmented humoral immunity in aged mice. In human cohorts, post\u2010vaccination antigen\u2010specific antibody titers are comparable across different age groups. Stratified analysis based on antibody concentration reveals that high\u2010responder individuals possess elevated pre\u2010existing Th1 cells at baseline, which exhibit a modest positive correlation with post\u2010vaccination antibody titers (r = 0.423, p = 0.001). Therefore, compared to age\u2010based stratification, baseline Th1 cells serve as a superior predictive biomarker for antibody generation following SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 inactivated vaccination. Collectively, these findings unveil novel mechanisms underlying Th1\u2010mediated vaccine immunogenicity, offering pivotal insights for developing next\u2010generation vaccines with optimized protective efficacy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202514147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T04:12:33Z","timestamp":1763352753000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pre\u2010Existing Th1 Immunity Outperforms Age in Predicting Antibody Responses to SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Inactivated Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chanyuan","family":"Ye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and 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