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This review systematically examines how 2D TMDs can induce or improve BPVE through phase engineering and structural modification. Phase transitions (such as 2H \u2192 1T\/1T\u2032 and 2H \u2192 3R) that break inversion symmetry and allow shift currents are discussed. Strain fields, van der Waals (vdWs) heterostructures, twisted bilayers, lattice distortions, and rolled morphologies are considered in the context of structural engineering, all of which modify symmetry and electronic structure to regulate BPVE. Large photocurrents can be driven by spontaneous polarization in piezoelectric and ferroelectric 2D materials, including single\u2010 and dual\u2010polarization systems. Attention is also drawn to how the directionality of the polarization field, edge contacts, and depolarization fields affect the photovoltaic response. 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