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As a result, ilmenite (FeTiO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) mineral sands are emerging as the cornerstone of future titanium supply. However, conventional ilmenite processing routes are energy\u2010intensive, carbon\u2010emissive, and require multiple reduction and refining stages. Here, a single\u2010step hydrogen plasma reduction process is introduced that simultaneously produces two critical materials for a sustainable economy, high\u2010purity iron and a Titania\u2010rich compound, directly from low\u2010grade ilmenite concentrates, without fossil fuels and direct CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    emissions. This process unifies smelting, reduction, and refining (of both iron and Titania oxide mixture) in one operation, at rapid kinetics and selective impurity removal. Silica, an impurity usually removed in a separate chemical step, is reduced by \u224875% within the proposed plasma\u2010based operation, enabling direct downstream use of the Titania\u2010rich compound. The resulting iron achieves purity high enough for direct use in steel production, while the Titania\u2010rich compound serves as an upgraded CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010free precursor for titanium metal or pigment production. This work introduces a zero\u2010carbon metallurgical route for maximizing value from low\u2010grade ilmenite while advancing decarbonized industrial metals processing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202514689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T14:52:58Z","timestamp":1760971978000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Toward Decarbonization of the Titanium Industry via Hydrogen Plasma Smelting Reduction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1949-3928","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura Gabriela","family":"Torres\u2010Mejia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials  40237 D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ubaid","family":"Manzoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials  40237 D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangyi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials  40237 D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris W.","family":"Bumby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robinson Research Institute Victoria University of Wellington  Lower Hutt 5010 New Zealand"},{"name":"The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Victoria University of Wellington  Wellington 6012 New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dierk","family":"Raabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials  40237 D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isnaldi R.","family":"Souza Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Sustainable Materials  40237 D\u00fcsseldorf Germany"},{"name":"Institut Jean Lamour CNRS (UMR 7198) Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine  Nancy F\u201054000 France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_1","unstructured":"Markets and Markets Titanium Market by Product Type (Titanium Dioxide Titanium Metal) Titanium Dioxide ByEnd\u2010use Industry Titanium Metal By End\u2010use Industry and Region (North America Europe Asia\u2010Pacific MEA & South America) (2022 \u20132026) 2021(accessed: July 2024)."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"J.Lindner Global Titanium Industry Statistics: Production Reserves and Market Projections2024. 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