{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T23:11:44Z","timestamp":1790118704050,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760918400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013314","name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013314","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Conductive hydrogels have garnered significant attention as ideal materials for flexible wearable sensors due to their conductivity, flexibility, adaptability, and biocompatibility. However, traditional conductive hydrogels frequently exhibit poor moisture retention and suboptimal mechanical properties, which greatly limit their practical usability. Inspired by the anisotropic structure of biological tissues and the natural moisturizing factors in skin, a novel bioinspired directional hydrogel (BDH) system is presented, using polyvinyl alcohol as the matrix, incorporating polydopamine\u2010modified carbon nanotubes and PEDOT\u2010PSS as conductive materials, and sodium pyrrolidone carboxylic acid for moisture retention. The precursor solution containing disordered polymer chains undergoes flow\u2010induced alignment, followed by strong aggregation and crystallization driven by a kosmotropic salt solution. This dual\u2010stage process ultimately yields the BDH with pronounced structural anisotropy, characterized by tightly packed, aligned polymer domains. The obtained hydrogel exhibits excellent mechanical strength, damage tolerance, good conductivity, and moisture retention, making it suitable as a flexible sensor for high\u2010load stress conditions. When combined with machine learning algorithms, BDHs enable accurate motion tracking and intent recognition, showing promising applications in motor training and ability assessment. This efficient, energy\u2010saving fabrication method offers a promising strategy for developing bioinspired structural hydrogels, facilitating their practical use in human\u2010machine interactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202515261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]],"date-time":"2025-10-20T14:52:52Z","timestamp":1760971972000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Bioinspired Directional Hydrogel\u2010Based High\u2010Performance Flexible Sensor for Multiple Jumping Pattern Detection in Athletic Training"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hanqi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine Xiamen University  Xiamen 361102 P. R. China"},{"name":"Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research Xiamen University  Xiamen 361005 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research Xiamen University  Xiamen 361005 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yirong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research Xiamen University  Xiamen 361005 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhehao","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research Xiamen University  Xiamen 361005 P. R. China"},{"name":"The Department of Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou Zhejiang 325000 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Da","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research Xiamen University  Xiamen 361005 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinglu","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation the Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University Dongguan People's Hospital  Dongguan 523000 P. R. China"},{"name":"Dongguan Experimental Centre for Sports Rehabilitation Research  Dongguan 523000 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianqi","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research Xiamen University  Xiamen 361005 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Xiamen University Affiliated Keji High School  Xiamen 361102 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deshuai","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research Xiamen University  Xiamen 361005 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine Xiamen University  Xiamen 361102 P. R. China"},{"name":"Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research Xiamen University  Xiamen 361005 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University  Wenzhou Zhejiang 325000 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7587-6080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youhui","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine Xiamen University  Xiamen 361102 P. R. China"},{"name":"Department of Physics Research Institute for Biomimetics and Soft Matter Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research Xiamen University  Xiamen 361005 P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.3c00356"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201802337"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-023-01235-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202308974"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202101518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-024-01161-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201804222"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04400-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00181H"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2941"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201801072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2019.122832"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1056\/acdfc2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2022.111454"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0QM00868K"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201602126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201801934"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11782"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201800124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33337-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2021.102989"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2021.132040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202309500"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12182293"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44481-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.458541"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2023.142882"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2019.08.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr400341h"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202004377"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202401151"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings9100596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/am404394g"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201704195"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4PY01565G"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202207400"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202007829"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2024.119639"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2022.105071"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.progpolymsci.2023.101676"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.121920"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202415207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202309868"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmaterialslett.0c00160"}],"container-title":["Advanced Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.202515261","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/advs.202515261","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.202515261","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T13:01:54Z","timestamp":1774270914000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/advs.202515261"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/advs.202515261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202515261","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-3844","2198-3844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-3844","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-3844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e15261"}}