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The nuts of the marri tree (\n                    <jats:italic>Corymbia calophylla<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) possess unusual strength and toughness. In contrast to other tough nuts, seasoned parrots avoid cracking them and instead resort to drawn\u2010out attempts to snatch their seeds from a dispersal opening at their base. Here, we reveal the subtle strengthening mechanisms of the marri nut and compare its mechanical response and properties to those of other nuts and commercial materials. The analysis involves an extensive examination of the various material phases of the nutshell, the chemical composition of its fibers, and an analysis of its microscopic and macroscopic mechanical properties. The study reveals that, akin to self\u2010standing structures, the interplay of the densely packed fibers of the shell held together by a highly ductile soft matrix, while arranged in a spherical configuration, gives the nut its notable toughness, ductility, strength, and remarkable fracture resistance. Additionally, we design and test the mechanical behavior of a bioinspired interpenetrating phase composite material mimicking the nut's microstructure, demonstrating comparable deformability and toughness. These findings lay a new foundation for designing highly efficient bioinspired structures for energy absorption, protection, and armor.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202515273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T19:36:08Z","timestamp":1774467368000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["On the Origins of Toughness in\n                    <i>Corymbia calophylla<\/i>\n                    (Marri\u00a0Tree) Nuts"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wegood M.","family":"Awad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi  Abu Dhabi UAE"},{"name":"Center for Translational Medical Devices, NYUAD Research Institute New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi UAE"},{"name":"Center for Smart Engineering Materials, NYUAD Research Institute New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed S.","family":"Dalaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioengineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum &amp; Minerals  Dhahran Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research Center (IRC) for Biosystems and Machines King Fahd University of Petroleum &amp; Minerals Dhahran Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieh B.","family":"Al\u2010Handawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi  Abu Dhabi UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1153-2455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rezo","family":"Getsadze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi  Abu Dhabi UAE"},{"name":"Informatics Institute Faculty of Science University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oraib","family":"Al\u2010Ketan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Technology Platforms New York University Abu Dhabi  Abu Dhabi UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Weston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Core Technology Platforms New York University Abu Dhabi  Abu Dhabi UAE"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Daqaq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Smart Engineering Materials, NYUAD Research Institute New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi UAE"},{"name":"Division of Engineering New York University Abu Dhabi  Abu Dhabi UAE"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering Tandon School of Engineering New York University  New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2416-6569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pan\u010de","family":"Naumov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Smart Materials Lab New York University Abu Dhabi  Abu Dhabi UAE"},{"name":"Center for Smart Engineering Materials, NYUAD Research Institute New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi UAE"},{"name":"Research Center for Environment and Materials Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts  Skopje Macedonia"},{"name":"Molecular Design Institute, Department of Chemistry New York University New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427\u2010021\u201000322\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2019.107496"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0964\u20101726\/22\/1\/014013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0892705719844546"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2019.04.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2019.103603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748\u20103190\/11\/4\/045002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202004519"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority Plant of the month:Corymbia calophylla 2023 https:\/\/www.bgpa.wa.gov.au\/about\u2010us\/conservation\/plant\u2010of\u2010the\u2010month\/2341\u2010march\u20102017."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"Western Australian Museum Chewed Marri Nut Identification 2022 http:\/\/museum.wa.gov.au\/explore\/online\u2010exhibitions\/cockatoo\u2010care\/marri\u2010nut\u2010identification."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jzo.13014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201062245\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201900644"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2020.12.614"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2012.07.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2014.00490"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24091659"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf304465k"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1743280415Y.0000000008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/natrevmats.2016.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201901561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","volume-title":"Mechanical Behavior of Materials","author":"Courtney T. 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