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Using the fall armyworm (\n                    <jats:italic>Spodoptera frugiperda<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) as a model, we identified a Lepidoptera\u2010conserved, testis\u2010specific arylalkylamine\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010acetyltransferase (LTNAT) indispensable for male fertility. Functional analyses showed that LTNAT is expressed in both sperm types, and its depletion disrupts mitochondrial derivatives (MDs) in eupyrene sperm and drastically impairs apyrene sperm motility. Multi\u2010omics analyses revealed\n                    <jats:italic>LTNAT<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutation perturbs energy metabolism, lipid homeostasis, and transmembrane transport\u2014alterations correlating with abnormal MD structure. Furthermore,\n                    <jats:italic>LTNAT<\/jats:italic>\n                    deficiency likely compromises apyrene sperm motility by downregulating\n                    <jats:italic>Sex\u2010lethal<\/jats:italic>\n                    and flagellar assembly genes (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>dyneins<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>intraflagellar transport proteins<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). CRISPR\/Cas9\u2010mediated knockout of\n                    <jats:italic>LTNAT<\/jats:italic>\n                    homologs in two other lepidopteran species similarly reduced male fertility, confirming functional conservation. Mass release of\n                    <jats:italic>LTNAT<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010deficient males significantly suppressed female fertility\u00a0in caged experiments. Collectively,\n                    <jats:italic>LTNAT<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a core regulator of dimorphic sperm development in Lepidoptera, highlighting its potential as a target for innovative insecticidal or genetic pest control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202516374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T18:33:35Z","timestamp":1773599615000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Testis\u2010Specific Aralkylamine\n                    <i>N<\/i>\n                    \u2010Acetyltransferase Regulates Dimorphic Sperm Function and Male Fertility in Moths"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1004-9261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity College 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Reddy","family":"Palli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0096-147X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shun\u2010Fan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity College of Plant Protection Nanjing Agricultural University  Nanjing 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