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Here, we identified an ascending neural circuit that integrates respiratory patterning with affective state in male mice. This circuit originates from glutamatergic neurons in the preB\u00f6tzinger complex (preB\u00f6tC), projecting to the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT) and subsequently targeting the central amygdala (CeA). We reveal that photostimulation of the preB\u00f6tC\u2192PVT circuit significantly alleviates acute restraint stress\u2010induced anxiety\u2010like phenotypes and reduces respiratory frequency variability. Conversely, inhibition of this circuit exacerbates anxiety\u2010like phenotypes and respiratory dysfunction. These effects are significantly abolished by inhibition or ablation of PVT neurons projecting to the CeA. Additionally, this anxiolytic effect is mediated by PVT projections that preferentially excite centrolateral amygdala neurons, thereby inhibiting centromedial amygdala output. Translating these findings, we show that volitional slow breathing reduces anxiety in healthy humans and suppresses anxiety\u2010related beta\/high\u2010gamma oscillations in the amygdala of epilepsy patients. This work delineates a conserved respiratory\u2010limbic circuit that mechanistically explains the anxiolytic effect of controlled breathing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202517477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T02:38:19Z","timestamp":1773023899000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Respiratory\u2010Limbic Coupling via a Thalamic Circuit Alleviates Anxiety"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Shangyu","family":"Bi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Hebei Medical University  Shijiazhuang 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Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiwen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Clinical Neuroscience Center Comprehensive Epilepsy Unit, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ti\u2010Fei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Psychology  Shanghai 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