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Here, we show that cooking oil dramatically increased MNP release from polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE)\u2010coated containers within 3 min of microwave heating, reaching up to 1.52 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n                    particles\/L, approximately 125\u2010fold higher than with water. Concurrently, the co\u2010release of plastic additives and heavy metals increased by up to 309\u2010fold. Soybean oil\u2010derived PP nanoplastics were four times more cytotoxic (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 18.7 \u00b5g\/mL) than water\u2010derived particles (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 77.1 \u00b5g\/mL), likely due to oil\u2010film coatings, a positive surface charge (+7.37 mV), altered surface properties, and co\u2010extracted additives. Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy revealed rapid membrane disruption within 5 min of exposure at 100 \u00b5g\/mL. In vivo, oral exposure of mice to oil\u2010derived nanoplastics (50 mg\/kg) for two weeks caused severe intestinal barrier damage and mucosal immune dysfunction. These adverse effects were partially alleviated by immune\u2010 and barrier\u2010targeted interventions. Benchmark dose modeling established safety thresholds of 0.4 \u00b5g\/mL at the molecular level and 15.83 mg\/kg for tissue injury. Alarmingly, modeled five\u2010year gastrointestinal burdens and reported human tissue MNP levels exceeded molecular safety thresholds by up to 1107\u2010fold, though not tissue injury thresholds. These findings highlight the urgent need for stricter regulations on oil\u2010contact plastics and the development of safer food packaging materials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202520935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T19:19:03Z","timestamp":1773861543000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Oil\u2010Coated Nanoplastics Induce Rapid Membrane Disruption and Severe Intestinal Injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ruwen","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis &amp; Protection and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulimire","family":"Yilihan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis &amp; Protection and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis &amp; Protection and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dachuan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis &amp; Protection and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis &amp; Protection and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyi","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis &amp; Protection and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yujia","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis &amp; Protection and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoteng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis &amp; Protection and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weishang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis &amp; Protection and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wanxin","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis &amp; Protection and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueer","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis &amp; Protection and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis &amp; Protection and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Cancer Biology Life Sciences Institute Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Harvard T.H. 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