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Molten Bi nanodroplets were stabilized via in situ confinement during H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced reduction of a BiVO\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    precursor, resulting in their firm anchoring on a defective vanadium oxide (VO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) support while preserving dynamic surface mobility at 400\u00b0C, striking a balance between stability and fluidity. Combined mechanistic studies and DFT calculations revealed that Ni\u2010Bi dual sites on oxygen\u2010deficient VO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    facilitate an H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010assisted redox mechanism: Bi sites enable direct CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    dissociation and weak CO\n                    <jats:sup>*<\/jats:sup>\n                    binding, favoring rapid CO desorption, while the Ni cocatalyst promotes H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    dissociation and induces electron enrichment of VO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    for CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    adsorption. This work demonstrates the potential of liquid\u2010Bi\u2010based catalysts for selective and efficient CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010to\u2010syngas conversion.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202521489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T15:32:22Z","timestamp":1773156742000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Liquid Bismuth Catalyst Enables High\u2010CO\u2010Selectivity in CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Hydrogenation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Xinxin","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology College of Chemical Engineering Huaqiao University  Xiamen Fujian P. R. 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