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Notably, the number and functionality of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1), which are critical antigen\u2010presenting cells, are markedly reduced in PCa, thereby impairing T cell priming. Here, we developed an aptamer\u2010modified liposomal platform (Apt\u2010Flt3L@Lipo) for the targeted co\u2010delivery of Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) to elicit in situ cDC1 vaccination. Upon ultrasound activation, Ce6 induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells, releasing abundant tumor antigens, while the concurrently released Flt3L promoted the differentiation and intratumoral recruitment of cDC1s. Thus, by coupling antigen release with cDC1 activation, we generated an in situ cDC1 vaccine, which enhanced antigen cross\u2010presentation, primed CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells, and robustly suppressed tumor progression. When combined with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), the strategy synergistically controlled both primary and distant tumors. In a patient\u2010derived ex vivo explant and transwell validation models, this approach demonstrated strong translational potential for inducing effective anti\u2010tumor immunity. Collectively, this platform offered a novel immunotherapy strategy for treating immunologically \u201ccold\u201d prostate cancer with strong potential for clinical translation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202522169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:25:35Z","timestamp":1773005135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Aptamer\u2010Engineered Liposomal Platform Enables in Situ cDC1 Vaccination to Potentiate Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Jiayi","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM) and Department of Urology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Punan Branch of Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine  Shanghai 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Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahua","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM) and Department of Urology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4518-3299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM) and Department of Urology Renji Hospital School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Punan Branch of Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine  Shanghai 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