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Probiotics, such as\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG<\/jats:italic>\n                    (LGG), exert anti\u2010inflammatory effects by enhancing gut barrier function and restoring microbial homeostasis, representing a promising therapeutic strategy for SLE. However, conventional probiotic therapies are hindered by poor survival and colonization in the hostile intestinal environment. Here, a polydopamine\u2010coated LGG (LGG@PDA) with improved viability, adhesion, and resistance to oxidative stress is developed. In murine models of lupus, LGG@PDA treatment restored gut and immune homeostasis, enhanced macrophage efferocytosis, reduced autoantibody levels, and ameliorated renal pathology. Metabolomic analysis further identified L\u2010methionine, a metabolite diminished in both lupus mice and SLE patients, as being enriched by LGG@PDA treatment. Functionally, L\u2010methionine enhanced macrophage efferocytosis in a CX3CR1\u2010dependent manner, thereby contributing to the restoration of immune tolerance. Collectively, these findings establish LGG@PDA as a bioengineered probiotic platform that integrates microbiota modulation with immune regulation, highlighting L\u2010methionine as a key metabolic mediator and a promising microbiota\u2010based therapeutic strategy for SLE.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202522637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T10:07:39Z","timestamp":1771582059000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Polydopamine\u2010Encapsulated Probiotics Restore Gut Homeostasis and Reinstate Macrophage Efferocytosis in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ruimiao","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Nanjing China"},{"name":"Key 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