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However, efficacy against solid tumors remains limited due to multiple barriers, including the scarcity of tumor\u2010specific antigens, antigen heterogeneity, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and physical obstruction of T cell infiltration by dense extracellular matrix. Nanoparticle (NP)\u2010based approaches can overcome these obstacles and enhance ACT by improving tumor immunogenicity and vascular permeability, while reducing off\u2010target toxicity to healthy tissues. This review discusses different strategies leveraging NPs to enhance ACT, including the delivery of immunomodulators and chemotherapeutics, NP\u2010mediated hyperthermia, magnetic guidance to improve T cell accumulation in tumors, and in vivo NP\u2010mediated generation and activation of CAR T cells. While prioritizing patient safety is essential, it does not fully reflect the range of risks and challenges associated with novel nanomedicines. In this regard, we discuss how integrating environmental impact assessments early in the development process is crucial for identifying key impact areas of concern and steering innovation towards more sustainable and responsible designs. 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