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Herein, we have used unmodified polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles of three sizes (33 \u00b1 11, 246 \u00b1 81, and 1052 \u00b1 189\u00a0nm) with covalent\n                    <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n                    C backbone labels to track biodistribution in late\u2010gestation mice after intranasal (IN) or intravenous (IV) administration. Tissue collection after administrations revealed exposure route\u2010dependent nanoplastic accumulation. After IN exposure, the majority of the nanoplastics were retained in the lungs or excreted through the GI tract, whereas IV administration exhibited size\u2010dependent accumulation in the liver and spleen, and a lung uptake consistent with microvascular interactions. We did not detect PS in placentae or fetuses after IN administration. Placentae exhibited low concentrations of PS (0.10%\u20130.15% of the injected dose) after IV administration, indicating restricted transplacental transfer even after direct intravenous exposure to relatively large amounts of nanoplastics. These findings indicate that exposure route and particle size principally govern early disposition during pregnancy. Importantly, the covalently incorporated radiolabel (\n                    <jats:sup>14<\/jats:sup>\n                    C) allows quantitative tracking of unmodified pure polystyrene particles and preserves the material's intrinsic behavior.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202523995","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T19:33:57Z","timestamp":1774380837000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Tracking of [\n                    <sup>14<\/sup>\n                    C]Polystyrene Nanoplastics in Pregnant Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0411-6847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Khaybullina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Sarkhel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3939-6706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Outi M.","family":"Kein\u00e4nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"PlasticsEurope.Plastics \u2013 the facts 2024 https:\/\/plasticseurope.org\/knowledge\u2010hub\/plastics\u2010the\u2010fast\u2010facts\u20102024\/(accessed: 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