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Rhizaria represents a major and distinct eukaryotic supergroup that includes\u00a0\n                    <jats:italic>Plasmodiophora brassicae<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0(\n                    <jats:italic>Pb<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), the causal agent of cruciferous clubroot disease, yet RNAi in this lineage remains poorly understood. Here, we characterized an unusual RNAi pathway in\n                    <jats:italic>Pb<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Small RNA sequencing across five representative\n                    <jats:italic>Pb<\/jats:italic>\n                    life stages revealed abundant siRNAs and miRNAs characterized by a predominant 21\u2010nt length, phased genomic distribution, 2\u2010nt 3\u2032 overhangs, and a strong 5\u2032\u2010cytidine bias. Three\n                    <jats:italic>Pb<\/jats:italic>\n                    miRNAs were further validated by northern blotting and stem\u2010loop RT\u2013qPCR. Genome analysis identified two canonical AGO homologs, PbAGO1 and PbAGO2, but no Dicer homologs, except for an RNase III\u2010containing Drosha\u2010like protein, PbDRL. Functional analyses showed that PbAGO1 and PbAGO2 mediate gene silencing, whereas PbDRL is required for sRNA biogenesis. Further, the cell wall component chitin was identified from\n                    <jats:italic>Pb<\/jats:italic>\n                    zoosporangia during the early infection and RNAi interfering with its biosynthesis in transgenic plants of Arabidopsis and\n                    <jats:italic>Brassica napus<\/jats:italic>\n                    blocked\n                    <jats:italic>Pb<\/jats:italic>\n                    early infection and conferred broad\u2010spectrum resistance. Our study uncovers an unusual RNAi pathway in Rhizaria and provides a promising strategy to control cruciferous clubroot disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202524028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,7]],"date-time":"2026-09-07T04:53:45Z","timestamp":1788756825000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["RNAi in the Rhizarian Phytopathogen\n                    <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae<\/i>\n                    : The Causal Agent of Clubroot Disease in Cruciferous Crops"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2044-6929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences\/The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs  Wuhan 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Advanced 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