{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T20:53:21Z","timestamp":1790974401897,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82502519"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82502519"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Current prostate cancer detection methods remain limited in non\u2010invasiveness and specificity, prompting interest in urinary biomarkers such as sarcosine. Here, we report a urine\u2010powered wearable platform for non\u2010invasive sarcosine detection as a proof\u2010of\u2010concept for decentralized early warning. Distinct from prior urine\u2010powered sensors, this platform establishes a hybrid bio\u2010electrochemical energy paradigm in which urine simultaneously functions as the analytical sample and an intrinsic energy reservoir. Specifically, sarcosine serves as the biofuel to drive an enzymatic fuel cell, while endogenous Zn\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ions in urine power a complementary aqueous battery component, enabling synergistic signal amplification and stable operation. This synergistic design enables strong signal amplification and operational stability, achieving a detection limit as low as 0.85 p\n                    <jats:sc>M<\/jats:sc>\n                    . Dual electrochemical and colorimetric readouts allow flexible result interpretation. A hybrid classification\u2010regression model is implemented to identify high\u2010concentration samples using a learned threshold, followed by range\u2010specific regression to reduce dynamic\u2010range interference and improve quantitative accuracy. The system is further integrated into a smart diaper format with wireless connectivity for on\u2010demand smartphone\u2010based analysis. Preliminary validation using human urine samples shows satisfactory analytical performance, with spike\u2010and\u2010recovery values ranging from 83.68% to 125.88%. This work provides a proof\u2010of\u2010concept demonstration of a sarcosine\u2010centered, self\u2010powered sensing strategy for non\u2010invasive biomarker detection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202524234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T03:24:41Z","timestamp":1773026681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Toward Prostate Cancer Early Warning with a Self\u2010Powered Wearable Biosensing Platform Integrated with Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710004 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanxiao","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xinyang Normal University Xinyang 464000 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qichen","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710004 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liucun","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710004 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yifang","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710004 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710004 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuquan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710004 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delai","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710004 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5319-0480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou 225009 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tie","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710004 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710004 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07762"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.104135"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"5494","article-title":"Down\u2010Regulation of Prostate\u2010specific Antigen Expression by Ligands for Peroxisome Proliferator\u2010activated Receptor \u03b3 in Human Prostate Cancer","volume":"60","author":"Hisatake J. 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