{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T20:01:40Z","timestamp":1776196900904,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770163200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62004022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62004022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12304209"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12304209"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Minimizing the footprint of individual cells in a memristor array is crucial for increasing packing density, reducing power consumption and boosting computational performance. However, the downscaling of memristive devices incorporating halide perovskites has been challenging due to the polycrystalline nature of the active layer. In this work, we employed monocrystalline nanoplates of the all\u2010inorganic perovskite CsPbBr\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and combined nanofabrication and conductive atomic force microscopy to progressively downsize the memristors to the micrometer and nanometer scale. We report an ion crowding effect in these micro\u2010 and nano\u2010 devices with unilaterally downscaled electrodes. The ion crowding effect is analogous to the current crowding effect in bipolar junction transistors, and originates from the substantially enhanced electric field in the peripheral of downsized electrodes. This effect fundamentally alters the microscopic ionic transport and distribution, leading to distinct switching behaviors and morphological deformation including protrusions and indentations. Further downsizing the critical dimension of memristors to 30 nm intensifies the crowding effect, resulting in anisotropic switching characteristics and unique \u201chole\u2010in\u2010a\u2010bump\u201d surface feature. This study offers insight into the field\u2010induced ionic behaviors at microscale, and lays the groundwork for miniaturized perovskite memristors.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202524258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T19:20:51Z","timestamp":1770232851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ion Crowding Effect in Unilaterally Downsized Perovskite Memristors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Conghui","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-4251-5164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meiqi","family":"An","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Instrument and Electronics North University of China  Taiyuan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weili","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haotian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion, and Electron Beams (Ministry of Education) School of Physics Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianliang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingmin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Architectural Cold Climate Energy Management Ministry of Education Jilin Jianzhu University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9706-2117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaodan","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Architectural Cold Climate Energy Management Ministry of Education Jilin Jianzhu University  Changchun China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3841-3519","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yiming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Integrated Circuits Dalian University of Technology  Dalian China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-020-3227-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-08733-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj7943"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-023-01082-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202402253"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c03100"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202303539"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202302929"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202205459"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37886-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.4c00369"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adi9405"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"168","article-title":"Self\u2010Supervised Video Processing with Self\u2010Calibration on an Analogue Computing Platform Based on a Selector\u2010Less Memristor Array","volume":"8","author":"Jeong H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Electronics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade3483"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202307393"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c00834"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202110975"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29411-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202304550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201905731"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume":"7","author":"Zhang Y. T.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science Advance"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c19020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0302-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-020-00473-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24057-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202109867"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c06676"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2025.163317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2021.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202103881"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202008259"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43034-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b01643"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-24762-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c05436"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C6EE00413J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201804841"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201705783"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C7NR05582J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c07673"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202201513"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.2c00201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-023-5411-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eem2.12419"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2022.168498"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202211358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40843-022-2367-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202206852"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoen.2020.104616"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202003137"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.3c02394"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202214142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.201903922"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41928-018-0069-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201204380"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aenm.202101518"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.4c02170"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtelec.2024.100114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.7b12817"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c02118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/20\/21\/215201"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15173"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nnano.2011.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c03845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3285614"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c06944"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8497"}],"container-title":["Advanced Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.202524258","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/advs.202524258","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.202524258","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T19:08:06Z","timestamp":1776193686000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/advs.202524258"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"references-count":67,"journal-issue":{"issue":"21","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/advs.202524258"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.202524258","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-3844","2198-3844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-3844","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-3844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-04","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e24258"}}