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Here, a semi\u2010interpenetrating ELM was developed relying on thermosensitive self\u2010assembly of hydroxybutyl chitosan (HBC) and spontaneous covalent protein interactions. This semi\u2010interpenetrating network provided superior mechanical properties over HBC hydrogels. Furthermore, this material can be adapted for diverse scenarios based on engineered bacteria encapsulated, and its applications in biotherapy treatment and environmental remediation were validated. Compared to planktonic bacteria or enzymes, this ELM presented enhanced tolerance to harsh environments, including high temperatures, extreme pH values, high salinity, and digestive fluids, resulting in improved therapeutic efficacy with excellent biosafety in ulcerative colitis treatment and long\u2010term degradation of the pollutant paraoxon. In summary, our material offers advantages including simple preparation, excellent mechanical properties, high stability, customizability, and biosafety, laying a foundation for the application of ELMs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202524320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T09:43:58Z","timestamp":1773395038000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Programmable Semi\u2010Interpenetrating Living Materials With Robust Stability for Versatile Bioremediation and Biotherapeutics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7333-2063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zixian","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology Shandong University  Qingdao 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