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This study developed an ultrasound\u2010responsive piezoelectric fibrous membrane that, under low\u2010intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) stimulation, generates controllable piezoelectric signals directly at the injury site to precisely regulate mitochondrial function in microglia. This regulation effectively restores mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis and enhances mitochondrial membrane potential (\u0394\u03a8m) stability, significantly suppressing the abnormal generation of mitochondrial superoxide and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). It promotes the polarization of microglia toward a neuroprotective M2 phenotype, reduces the expression of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u20106, and enhances the activity of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). In a TBI animal model, this therapeutic strategy markedly alleviated pathological brain damage, improved neuronal survival, ameliorated neurological deficits and spatial memory impairment, and facilitated the polarization of microglia toward an anti\u2010inflammatory (M2) phenotype in the injured area. This study provides a novel strategy for TBI treatment by targeting mitochondrial function regulation, offering potential to overcome the therapeutic challenges in neuroimmunometabolic modulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202600081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T08:24:22Z","timestamp":1789979062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound\u2010Responsive Piezoelectric Fibrous Membrane Promotes Neurological Recovery After TBI by Modulating Microglial Polarization via Restoring Mitochondrial Dynamic Homeostasis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The First School of Clinical Medical Lanzhou University  Lanzhou Gansu People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Center Laboratory for Neurological Diseases Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Forces  Tianjin People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Runzhe","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Organic\u2010Inorganic Composites Bionanomaterials &amp; 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