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However, challenges in continuous and accurate physiological signal acquisition, motion artifact in human exercises, and wearable convenience with multimodal integration, hinder its practical applications. Here, we propose a smart headband using a thermal\u2010sensation\u2010based electronic skin (e\u2010skin) for continuously and accurately monitoring multimodal physiological parameters, including pulse pressure waveform, total metabolic energy cost, heart rate, and forehead temperature. The headband allows accurate and continuous monitoring under both static and dynamic conditions for indoor and outdoor activities in real life. The effectiveness and robustness of multimodal physiological monitoring is validated across various human activities including resting, walking, jogging, bicycling, hill climbing and even long\u2010distance running. Significant physiological variations with fatigue are uncovered, potentially revealing rich information about cardiac load, cardiovascular condition, and potential risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.74279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T16:07:56Z","timestamp":1770566876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Smart Headband for Multimodal Physiological Monitoring in Human Exercises"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1038-6651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiqiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments Department of Precision Instrument Tsinghua University  Beijing 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