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However, current commercial metal\u2010chelating polymer (MCP) metal tags limit its sensitivity due to low metal loading capacity. We report a novel synthetic strategy employing antibody\u2010conjugated gold or platinum nanoparticles (AuNP\/PtNP) for high\u2010dimensional single\u2010cell immunophenotyping in both single cell suspension mass cytometry and imaging mass cytometry. Extremely low\u2010dose AuNP (34 NPs\/cell) exhibited MCP\u2010comparable sensitivity, while high doses enabled up to 48\u2010fold signal amplification. Furthermore, integration of the detection of low\u2010abundance TIGIT and OX40 by AuNP\/PtNP tags and other 22 biomarkers by MCP tags, three significantly distinct T cell subpopulations in healthy donor and acute myeloid leukemia samples were identified, providing new targets and intervention strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. The proposed strategies demonstrate that noble metal NP\u2010based tags show promising potential in detection of low\u2010abundance cell surface biomarkers and enhance MC implementation in both biomedical and clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.74529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T09:47:48Z","timestamp":1772963268000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High\u2010Sensitive Mass Cytometry Metal Tags Based on Noble Metal Nanoparticles Assisting Acute Myeloid Leukemia Immune Checkpoint Profiling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhizhou","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Suzhou Jiangsu China"},{"name":"Tianjin Guoke Medical Engineering and Technology Development Co., Ltd  Tianjin 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