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Can the psychophysical and\/or neural markers of visual perception serve for clinical identification of MDD subgroups? To address this yet unresolved issue, we develope a novel analytical framework combining visual perceptual measurement with machine learning clustering to identify MDD subgroups. Within a cohort of 272 individuals with acute MDD, this approach reveals a VMP\u2010positive (VMP\u2010P) biotype characterized by impaired VMP. Clinically, this biotype exhibits significant cognitive deficits. We validate the robustness of this biotype through cross\u2010validation and confirm its generalizability in an independent sample (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 63). Furthermore, 7T MRI implicate aberrant neural activity in the occipital cortex as a mechanism underlying the VMP\u2010P biotype. Our findings establish a novel, clinically translatable path for stratifying MDD, which can guide treatment development and advance precision medicine.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.74882","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T09:07:23Z","timestamp":1773824843000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distinct Biotypes of Visual Perception in Major Depressive Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhuoran","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Affiliated Mental Health Center &amp; Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"},{"name":"College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies Zhejiang University  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi\u2010Wen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine Affiliated Mental Health Center &amp; 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