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These remarkable optical properties, coupled with broad absorption spectra and high quantum yields, have positioned QDs at the forefront of diverse biomedical applications. This review provides a systematic overview of QDs fabrication strategies, with a focus on bottom\u2010up approaches, such as colloidal synthesis, hydrothermal, and solvothermal methods, as well as emerging biomimetic synthesis inspired by natural biomineralization. Additionally, we offer an in\u2010depth discussion of cutting\u2010edge QDs applications across three key areas: high\u2010sensitivity biosensing for biomarker detection and point\u2010of\u2010care diagnostics; bioimaging, including fluorescence, magnetic resonance, and photoacoustic imaging; and intelligent nanocarrier\u2010based cancer therapeutics, encompassing targeted drug delivery and imaging\u2010guided precision surgery. 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By analyzing these barriers and outlining future directions, it aims to provide both theoretical and practical guidance for translating QDs from laboratory\u2010scale innovations into routine clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.75491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T10:44:36Z","timestamp":1777545876000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Quantum Dots for Biomedical Biosensing, NIR\u2010II Bioimaging, and Phototherapy: Materials Design, Signal Transduction, and Translational Barriers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Ju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Day Oncology Unit Peking University Cancer Hospital &amp; Institute  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0254-2984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhifang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Atomic Manufacturing Beihang University  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinran","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Peking University First Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9209-4889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Peking University First Hospital  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization for Dabie Mountain Special Bio\u2010Resources West Anhui University  Lu'an Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0300-0287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yanfei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education) Day Oncology Unit Peking University Cancer Hospital &amp; 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