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However, their inherent immunogenicity presents a double\u2010edged sword: beneficial adjuvant effects in vaccination can become detrimental inflammatory responses in applications like treating inflammatory\/fibrotic diseases or gene editing\u2010based therapies. This review comprehensively evaluates LNP\u2010associated inflammation and mitigation strategies. We begin with an in\u2010depth analysis of molecular mechanisms, detailing how specific lipid components, endocytic pathway activation, and nucleic acid sensing drive immune stimulation. Key modulatory factors, including LNP structural characteristics, administration routes, and biodistribution, are examined. 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China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing P. R. China"},{"name":"Yu\u2010Yue Pathology Scientific Research Center  Chongqing P. R. China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin","family":"Dou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics College of Pharmacy Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing P. R. China"},{"name":"Yu\u2010Yue Pathology Scientific Research Center  Chongqing P. R. China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University)  Chongqing P. R. 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