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Microplastics (MPs) are omnipresent in the human food chain, yet their impact on neurodegeneration is largely unknown. Here we show that chronic oral exposure to 2\u2010\u00b5m amine\u2010modified polystyrene microparticles accelerates cognitive decline, amplifies A\u03b2 deposition, gliosis, and synaptic loss, and cripples autophagic flux in 5XFAD mice through the gut\u2013brain axis. MPs accumulate in the gut, breach the epithelial barrier, and selectively expand the taurine\u2010depleting pathobiont\n                    <jats:italic>Bilophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    , while suppressing taurine\u2010synthesizing commensals. Untargeted metabolomics reveal a systemic taurine deficit that precedes and predicts exacerbated A\u03b2 deposition, gliosis, synaptic loss, and autophagic blockade in 5XFAD mice. Antibiotic\u2010mediated microbiota ablation and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) demonstrate that the neurotoxic phenotype is fully microbiota\u2010dependent. Restoring taurine level rebalances microglial homeostasis, reinstates autophagic flux, and rescues memory deficits in MPs\u2010treated 5XFAD mice. Translational validation using Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) plasma shows taurine is significantly lower in AD patients versus cognitively normal controls and inversely correlates with cognitive decline. Our findings identify MPs\u2010induced gut\u2010microbiota dysbiosis as a modifiable environmental driver of AD pathogenesis and establish taurine supplementation as a readily translatable intervention that simultaneously fortifies the intestinal barrier and neutralizes microbiota\u2010mediated neurodegeneration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.76072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:11:53Z","timestamp":1781525513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Microplastics\u2010Induced Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Accelerates Alzheimer's\u2010Like Pathology and Cognitive Decline via the Gut\u2013Brain Axis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0774-0597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zifeng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiarong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaoxuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University  Lanzhou 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Activities and Stress Adaptations School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University  Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin\u2010Tai","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology National Center for Neurological Disorders Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science Shanghai Medical College Fudan University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histology &amp; Embryology Faculty of Basic Medical Science Kunming Medical University  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4472-7079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongcan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for 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