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However, simplistic combinations of therapeutics often result in spatiotemporal mismatch within the gastrointestinal tract, preventing precise intervention at target inflammatory sites. To address this, a composite probiotic system, BSCS@WO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    @PDA is developed, centered around programmed ROS\u2010mediated cascade regulation for intelligent synergistic therapeutic intervention. The system is constructed by electrostatic assembly of polydopamine (PDA)\u2010coated tungsten trioxide nanoparticles onto chitosan\u2010encapsulated\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (BS), thereby significantly enhancing gastrointestinal stability and promoting prolonged retention in the inflamed colon. At the inflammatory site, the ROS\u2010responsive PDA shell enabled on\u2010demand ROS scavenging while undergoing degradation, leading to the sustained release of tungsten ions. These ions specifically inhibited molybdenum cofactor\u2010dependent nitrate reductase activity in Enterobacteriaceae metabolism, thereby creating a favorable ecological niche for probiotics. Consequently, the retained BS promoted beneficial microbes and metabolites, reversing colitis\u2010associated metabolic disorders and synergistically enhancing intestinal barrier repair. This study proposes a novel paradigm of precise cascade metabolic regulation by integrating ROS scavenging and pathogen inhibition. The BSCS@WO\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    @PDA system offers a powerful new strategy for restoring gut microecological homeostasis and treating inflammatory diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.76291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:34:38Z","timestamp":1782477278000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nano\u2010Backpack Engineered Probiotics with Reactive Oxygen Species\u2013Responsive Tungsten Release for Synergistic Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chongqing Medical University  Chongqing China"},{"name":"Department of General Surgery Chongqing Academy of Medical Sciences Chongqing General Hospital Chongqing University  Chongqing 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