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The NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a key component of the innate immune system, drives interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2 maturation, and its excessive activation is closely linked to viral pathogenesis. However, its role in PDCoV infection remains unclear. Here, we report that PDCoV infection induces IL\u20101\u03b2 maturation through NLRP3 inflammasome activation both in\n                    <jats:italic>vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    and in\n                    <jats:italic>vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and the M protein promotes NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation. Mechanistically, M protein directly bound the LRR domain of the NLRP3 protein. Seven residues (M116, H201, T205, K207, R212, Y214, and M217) in the \u03b2\u2010sheet core of the M protein formed hydrogen bonds with eight residues (Y861, R920, E949, E1007, Y1009, K1015, N1011, and E1033) in the \u03b1\u2010helix groove of the LRR domain, serving as critical determinants of binding. Moreover, the M protein protects NLRP3 from proteasomal degradation by removing tripartite motif\u2010containing 31\u2010mediated K48\u2010linked polyubiquitin chains on NLRP3, thereby stabilizing NLRP3 protein. Collectively, these findings reveal a novel mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation during PDCoV infection, offering valuable insights into PDCoV pathogenesis that may facilitate the design of antiviral agents against PDCoV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.76393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T22:20:52Z","timestamp":1782858052000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Porcine Deltacoronavirus M Protein Binds NLRP3 to Promote Inflammasome Assembly via Competition with TRIM31"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6403-3672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinhui","family":"Hou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Henan Agricultural University  Zhengzhou P. R. 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