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Although 5\u2010methylcytosine (m\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    C) modification is implicated in many diseases, its role in RA remains unclear. Here, we observed upregulated expression of the m\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    C methyltransferase NOP2\/Sun domain family member 2 (NSUN2) in both synovial tissues (STs) and FLSs from RA patients. Functionally, NSUN2 knockdown suppressed migration and invasion of RA FLSs, whereas NSUN2 overexpression exerted opposing effects. Mechanistically, NSUN2 mediated m\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    C modification of isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMT) mRNA and enhanced its stability. Furthermore, we identified salvianolic acid A (SAA) as an NSUN2 inhibitor, which phenocopied the effects of NSUN2 knockdown on RA FLSs. Given the well\u2010recognized ROS\u2010scavenging capacity of cerium oxide nanoparticles, we constructed Ce\/SAA nanoparticles (Ce\/SAA NPs) via coordination self\u2010assembly to enable synergistic therapy for RA. Notably, Ce\/SAA NPs ameliorated arthritis in collagen\u2010induced arthritis (CIA) mice, and intra\u2010articular NSUN2\u2010siRNA attenuated disease progression in CIA rats. These results highlight NSUN2\u2011mediated m\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    C modification in RA pathogenesis and suggest NSUN2 as a therapeutic target.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.76401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T12:40:12Z","timestamp":1783082412000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cerium Nanoparticle\u2010Mediated Inhibition of the NSUN2\/m\n                    <sup>5<\/sup>\n                    C Axis Suppresses Synovial Aggression in Rheumatoid Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ruiru","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat\u2010sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiyao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Department of Dermatology and Immunology National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan P. R. China"},{"name":"Xiangya Hospital Central South University  Changsha Hunan P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingnan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat\u2010sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenxi","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suling","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuoyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Clinical Nephrology (Sun Yat\u2010sen University) and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nephrology  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liuqin","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Furong Laboratory Central South University  Changsha Hunan P. R. 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