{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:52:52Z","timestamp":1791298372589,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791244800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Scalable fabrication of tin\u2010based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs) remains challenging due to rapid crystallization, poor film uniformity, and instability of Sn\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    . Herein, we report a spin\u2010coating\u2010free approach, combining blade coating, vacuum\u2010drying, and controlled dipping methods, to achieve highly crystalline and uniform tin perovskite films. Through systematic studies, we reveal the universal role of SnI\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    in governing crystallization kinetics, where pre\u2010formed crystalline SnI\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    hinders cation diffusion, while amorphous SnI\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    promotes homogeneous film growth. Additive engineering with guanidinium iodide (GAI), SnF\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and trimethylene sulfoxide (TMSO) improved crystallinity, suppressed Sn\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    oxidation, and extended carrier lifetimes. Moreover, we introduce n\u2010butylammonium tosylate (BATo) as a dual\u2010functional bulky cation, whose BA\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    group enhances lattice ordering while the tosylate (TsO\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) group passivates buried interfaces. Compared with conventional blade\u2010coating and spin\u2010coating methods, the dipping process facilitates the penetration of large molecules into the film and further enables lattice reconstruction. Devices incorporating BATo achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.2%, retained &gt;90% efficiency under continuous operation, and maintained &gt;80% after 2500\u00a0h of shelf storage. This work clarifies the intrinsic role of SnI\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and provides a scalable pathway toward efficient, stable, and lead\u2010free perovskite photovoltaics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.76969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:30:00Z","timestamp":1791297000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synergistic Additive and Bulky Cation Engineering via a Sequential Vacuum Dry\u2010Dipping Process for Tin Perovskite Solar Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Chun\u2010Hsiao","family":"Kuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"},{"name":"Center For Emergent Functional Matter Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5966-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianyuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun\u2010Sheng","family":"Shih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9457-9097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chien\u2010Ling","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po\u2010Kai","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7423-2723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung\u2010Fu","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"},{"name":"Center For Emergent Functional Matter Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3572-723X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsin\u2010Lung","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering National Tsing Hua University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiang","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guan\u2010Ruei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu Science Park  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jhih\u2010Min","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu Science Park  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun\u2010Jen","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu Science Park  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Ru","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu Science Park  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6113-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Wei\u2010Guang","family":"Diau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"},{"name":"Center For Emergent Functional Matter Science National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"National Laboratory of the Rockies (NLR) Best Research\u2010Cell Efficiency Chart 2026 accessed August 2026 https:\/\/www.nlr.gov\/pv\/cell\u2010efficiency."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4EE03907F"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560\u2010018\u20100153\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf8060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adt5001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201020296\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-025-09724-2","article-title":"Tin\u2010Based Perovskite Solar Cells With A Homogeneous Buried 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Perovskite Solar Cells With Over 10% Efficiency and Size 1 cm2 Enabled by Solvent\u2013Crystallization Regulation in a Two\u2010Step Deposition Method","volume":"7","author":"Liu X.","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Energy Lett"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ange.202422217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201903009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaem.1c01013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsenergylett.3c00742"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010021\u201022864\u2010z"}],"container-title":["Advanced 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