{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T18:27:17Z","timestamp":1786818437552,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Understanding how peripheral sensory circuits encode mechanical and thermal stimuli requires an experimental system that combines native tissue architecture with high\u2010resolution electrophysiological readouts. Existing innervated in vitro skin models typically rely on chemical stimulation and optical measurements, limiting their ability to interrogate sensory encoding dynamics. Here, we present an innervated full\u2010thickness human skin equivalent that electrically encodes both mechanical and thermal stimuli. The construct integrates a differentiated epidermis and dermis with sensory neurons and Schwann cells forming free nerve ending\u2010like structures, from which the recorded activity originates, and is interfaced with high\u2010density microelectrode arrays. Controlled mechanical indentation and localized thermal stimulation evoke consistent, stimulus\u2010dependent firing patterns whose waveform morphology and temporal dynamics reveal distinct electrical signatures for mechanical and thermal inputs. To our knowledge, this represents the first demonstration of thermally and mechanically evoked electrophysiological activity in an engineered innervated human skin construct. This model enables controlled investigation of sensory encoding and establishes a biologically grounded and experimentally controllable interface between engineered tissues and electrophysiological sensing technologies with potential application in bioinspired tactile sensing, neural interfaces, and sensory restoration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77105","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T17:59:46Z","timestamp":1786816786000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Innervated Human Skin Equivalent that Electrically Encodes Mechanical and Thermal Stimuli"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Bellantoni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali CRIB University of Napoli Federico II  Napoli Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia\u2010IIT Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare  Napoli Italy"},{"name":"Department of Chemical Materials and Industrial Production Engineering\u2010DICMAPI University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2849-3972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Costantino","family":"Casale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro di Ricerca Interdipartimentale sui Biomateriali CRIB University of Napoli Federico II  Napoli Italy"},{"name":"Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia\u2010IIT Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare  Napoli Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-2272-1516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marika","family":"Sperduti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Advanced Robotics and Human\u2010Centred Technologies \u2013 CREO Lab Universit\u00e1 Campus Bio\u2010Medico di Roma  Rome 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