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However, the underlying driving forces behind imperfect oriented attachment, including what initiates the coalescence of misoriented crystals and determines the resulting structures remain unclear, particularly in liquid environments. This study combines in situ liquid\u2010phase transmission electron microscopy with molecular dynamics calculations to investigate the coalescence dynamics of misoriented gold nanoparticles. Our findings reveal that misoriented nanoparticles can coalesce into a single crystal via a kinetically driven jump\u2010to\u2010coalescence process triggered by instantaneous hydration layer collapse. This coalescence is accompanied by a significant potential energy reduction, and the released energy enhances atomic mobility, particularly in small nanoparticles, enabling rapid structural rearrangement into a single crystal. Moreover, the initial contact position relative to the twin boundary determines the atomic diffusion pathway during the coalescence process of twin nanoparticles, while the twin boundary exhibits high stability during the merging process. These findings clarify the regulatory role of the kinetic factor in nanoparticle coalescence behavior and offer guidance for controlling crystal structure and designing twinned nanostructures in the liquid phase synthesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:49:25Z","timestamp":1788497365000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Imperfect Oriented Attachment of Gold Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Fangjie","family":"Meng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Ministry of Education Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Ministry of Education Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4036-0900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongzhao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics Henan Academy of\u00a0Sciences  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gengshuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Material Science Engineering National University of Singapore  Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Ministry of Education Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronghan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6344-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Ministry of Education Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8791-5315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shaobo","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, School of Physics and Laboratory of Zhongyuan Light, Ministry of Education Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Quantum Materials and Physics Henan Academy of\u00a0Sciences  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr5002657"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202411898"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevA.111.033711"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202303477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361\u20106463\/ae651a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.9b05267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1219185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c2ta01432g"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201901905"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","article-title":"Progress in Atomistic Modelling of Nanoparticle Coalescence","volume":"11","author":"Grammatikopoulos P.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Advances in Physics: X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2021.149057","article-title":"In Situ Atomic\u2010scale TEM Observation of Ag Nanoparticle\u2010mediated Coalescence in Liquids","volume":"546","author":"Hou S. 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