{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T15:13:32Z","timestamp":1788621212353,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Understanding how microbial populations generate and modulate electrical signals remains a major technical challenge because extracellular ionic processes are inherently weak, spatially distributed and stochastic. Here, we introduce a mesoporous ultra\u2010low\u2010impedance PEDOT:PSS electrode that exploits volumetric ionic\u2010electronic coupling to probe stochastic electrochemical dynamics in axenic populations of the marine model diatom\n                    <jats:italic>Phaeodactylum tricornutum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The three\u2010dimensional porous architecture provides a large electrochemically accessible surface area with high capacitance and low impedance, enabling sensitive detection of non\u2010equilibrium current fluctuations under applied bias. Applied bias systematically amplifies stochastic electrical fluctuations, while living diatoms significantly modify their amplitude and temporal statistics. Noise analysis reveals enhanced low\u2010frequency fluctuations, increased power\u2010law exponents and higher transient\u2010event rates, indicating biologically driven perturbations of the local electrochemical environment. Pharmacological inhibition with tetraethylammonium suppresses spontaneous electrical activity, providing independent functional evidence that membrane\u2010associated potassium\u2010dependent processes contribute to the measured signals. Increasing diatom cell density further produces progressively larger spectral exponents and distinct changes in stochastic\u2010event dynamics, demonstrating that these electrical signatures encode microbial population density. These findings establish stochastic electrochemical noise as a sensitive, label\u2010free probe of microbial bioelectrochemical activity and a bioelectronic strategy for monitoring living microbial systems through their intrinsic non\u2010equilibrium electrical fluctuations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T14:39:55Z","timestamp":1788619195000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mesoporous PU\/PEDOT:PSS Electrodes Reveal Population\u2010Level Stochastic Bioelectrical Dynamics in Marine Diatoms"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8701-9291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M. S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioelectronics &amp; Bioenergy Research Lab Centre For Functional Ecology\u2010Science for People &amp; the Planet, Associate Laboratory TERRA Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1481-1811","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe L.","family":"Bacellar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioelectronics &amp; Bioenergy Research Lab Centre For Functional Ecology\u2010Science for People &amp; the Planet, Associate Laboratory TERRA Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2197-6593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioelectronics &amp; Bioenergy Research Lab Centre For Functional Ecology\u2010Science for People &amp; the Planet, Associate Laboratory TERRA Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis\u2010Josselin","family":"Lavier\u2010Aydat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bioelectronics &amp; Bioenergy Research Lab Centre For Functional Ecology\u2010Science for People &amp; the Planet, Associate Laboratory TERRA Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"CNRS US2B Nantes Universit\u00e9  Nantes France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5292-4369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Cortes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNC\u2010UC \u2013 Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CiBB \u2013 Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology University of Coimbra  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0447-4337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamal","family":"Asadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics University of Bath Bath, Claverton Down UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9491-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Le\u00efla","family":"Tirichine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS US2B Nantes Universit\u00e9  Nantes France"},{"name":"Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies (IMAS) Ecology and Biodiversity Centre University of Tasmania Hobart TAS Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8917-9101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo R. 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