{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T16:09:35Z","timestamp":1791562175330,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PE0000023\u2013NQSTI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE0000023\u2013NQSTI"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Two\u2010dimensional (2D) magnetic materials integrated with graphene offer a compelling platform for next\u2010generation spintronic devices. Yet nickel in its 2D form remains largely unexplored, due to fundamental synthesis limitations. Here, we report the controlled intercalation of Ni beneath epitaxial graphene on the Si\u2010face of SiC(0001), achieved through a scalable colloidal nanoparticle deposition route. Chemically synthesized Ni nanoparticles (10 nm diameter) are uniformly deposited onto graphene via immersion in colloidal solution at room temperature; subsequent thermal annealing at 650  drives intercalation, yielding well\u2010ordered Ni islands at the graphene\/buffer\u2010layer interface with morphology dictated by annealing conditions. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and angle\u2010resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, elucidate the atomic and electronic structure of the intercalated layers. DFT simulations further confirm the thermodynamic stability of the 2D nanostructures as a function of shape and lateral size, predicting a robust average magnetic moment of\u00a00.9  per atom. The resulting Ni\u2010intercalated graphene on SiC constitutes a well\u2010defined 2D heterostructure combining preserved graphene band structure with robust interfacial magnetism, stable under ambient conditions. These findings establish a reproducible, scalable pathway to engineer magnetic graphene\u2010based heterostructures and open new avenues for their integration into spintronic\u00a0architectures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77456","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:52:25Z","timestamp":1788497545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nickel Intercalation in Epitaxial Graphene on SiC(0001): A Novel Platform for Engineering Two\u2010Dimensional Heterostructures"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6965-1771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ylea","family":"Vlamidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nanoscienze\u2013CNR, NEST\u2010Scuola Normale Superiore  Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Department of Physical Science, Earth, and Environment University of Siena  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8939-3175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stiven","family":"Forti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4574-7215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Rossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia  Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Graphene Laboratories Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia  Genova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0244-7717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arrigo","family":"Calzolari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nanoscienze\u2013CNR  Modena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3596-4307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmela","family":"Marinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Science, Earth, and Environment University of Siena  Siena Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8134-7633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Coletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Nanotechnology Innovation@NEST Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia  Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Graphene Laboratories Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia  Genova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1989-5679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Heun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nanoscienze\u2013CNR, NEST\u2010Scuola Normale Superiore  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2171-7081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Veronesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Nanoscienze\u2013CNR, NEST\u2010Scuola Normale Superiore  Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-020-0022-5","article-title":"Spintronic Devices for Energy\u2010Efficient Data Storage and Energy Harvesting","volume":"1","author":"Puebla J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Communications Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201900065","article-title":"Intrinsic Van Der Waals Magnetic Materials from Bulk to the 2D Limit: New Frontiers of Spintronics","volume":"31","author":"Li H.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advanced Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201904385","article-title":"Advances in the Application of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Sensing","volume":"31","author":"Gloag L.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Advanced Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/s44287-024-00103-z","article-title":"Spintronics for Achieving System\u2010Level Energy\u2010Efficient Logic","volume":"1","author":"Incorvia J. A. C.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.76.323","article-title":"Spintronics: Fundamentals and Applications","volume":"76","author":"\u017duti\u0107 I.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reviews of Modern Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202312935","article-title":"Topological Spin Textures: Basic Physics and Devices","volume":"37","author":"Zhou Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Advanced Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-025-00548-8","article-title":"Metals Squeezed to Thickness of Just Two Atoms","volume":"639","author":"Sanchez\u2010Yamagishi J.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nantod.2020.100902","article-title":"Recent Breakthroughs in Two\u2010Dimensional Van Der Waals Magnetic Materials and Emerging Applications","volume":"34","author":"Khan Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nano Today"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2022.11.017","article-title":"Manipulation of Ferromagnetism in Intrinsic Two\u2010Dimensional Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Materials","volume":"5","author":"Lei Z.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Matter"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s44306-024-00011-w","article-title":"2D Magnetic Heterostructures: Spintronics and Quantum Future","volume":"2","author":"Zhang B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Spintronics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","article-title":"Ferromagnetic Elements in Two\u2010Dimensional Materials: 2D Magnets and Beyond","volume":"34","author":"Papavasileiou A. V.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advanced Functional Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3630","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47820-5","article-title":"Tunneling Current\u2010Controlled Spin States in Few\u2010Layer Van Der Waals Magnets","volume":"15","author":"Fu Z.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav4450","article-title":"Two\u2010Dimensional Magnetic Crystals and Emergent Heterostructure Devices","volume":"363","author":"Gong C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201802151","article-title":"New Frontiers on Van Der Waals Layered Metal Phosphorous Trichalcogenides","volume":"28","author":"Wang F.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Advanced Functional Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45586-4","article-title":"Current\u2010Induced Switching of a Van Der Waals Ferromagnet at Room Temperature","volume":"15","author":"Kajale S. N.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaw8904","article-title":"Current\u2010Driven Magnetization Switching in a Van Der Waals Ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2","volume":"5","author":"Wang X.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matchemphys.2021.125590","article-title":"The Surface Degradation and Its Impact on the Magnetic Properties of Bulk VI3","volume":"278","author":"Kratochv\u00edlov\u00e1 M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Materials Chemistry and Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2053-1583\/ab20d6","article-title":"Chemical and Structural Stability of 2D Layered Materials","volume":"6","author":"Wang X.","year":"2019","journal-title":"2D Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4214","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.8b01131","article-title":"Raman Spectroscopy, Photocatalytic Degradation, and Stabilization of Atomically Thin Chromium Tri\u2010iodide","volume":"18","author":"Shcherbakov D.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nano Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","article-title":"The Growth of Epitaxial Graphene on SiC and Its Metal Intercalation: A Review","volume":"36","author":"Yang D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-020-0631-x","article-title":"Atomically Thin Half\u2010Van Der Waals Metals Enabled by Confinement Heteroepitaxy","volume":"19","author":"Briggs N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1116\/6.0005391","article-title":"Atomic\u2010Scale Confinement at the Graphene\/SiC Interface: A Platform for Novel Two\u2010Dimensional Nanomaterials","volume":"44","author":"Lu L.\u2010S.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15440","DOI":"10.1039\/C9NR03721G","article-title":"Epitaxial Graphene\/Silicon Carbide Intercalation: A Minireview on Graphene Modulation and Unique 2D Materials","volume":"11","author":"Briggs N.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1166","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4742","article-title":"Two\u2010Dimensional Gallium Nitride Realized via Graphene Encapsulation","volume":"15","author":"Al Balushi Z. Y.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202511992","article-title":"Lithographically Controlled Liquid Metal Diffusion in Graphene: Fabrication and Magnetotransport Signatures of Superconductivity","volume":"38","author":"Wundrack S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Advanced Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15683-1","article-title":"Semiconductor to Metal Transition in Two\u2010Dimensional Gold and Its Van Der Waals Heterostack with Graphene","volume":"11","author":"Forti S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.96.125429","article-title":"Li\u2010Intercalated Graphene on SiC(0001): An STM Study","volume":"96","author":"Fiori S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Physical Review B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnano.2023.1333127","article-title":"Quasi\u2010Freestanding AA\u2010Stacked Bilayer Graphene Induced by Calcium Intercalation of the Graphene\u2010Silicon Carbide Interface","volume":"5","author":"Grubi\u0161i\u0107\u2010\u010cabo A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Nanotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.104.155423","article-title":"Quasi\u2010Freestanding Graphene on SiC(0001) via Cobalt Intercalation of Zero\u2010Layer Graphene","volume":"104","author":"Rybkina A. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physical Review B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2025.119989","article-title":"Intercalated Structures Formed by Platinum on Epitaxial Graphene on SiC(0001)","volume":"234","author":"Ferbel L.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2022.155365","article-title":"Influence of Intercalated Gd Atoms on Graphene\u20104H\u2010SiC(0001) Properties","volume":"609","author":"Idczak K.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Applied Surface Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/0022-3727\/43\/37\/374009","article-title":"Structural and Electronic Properties of Epitaxial Graphene on SiC(0001): A Review of Growth, Characterization, Transfer Doping and Hydrogen Intercalation","volume":"43","author":"Riedl C.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.77.155426","article-title":"Atomic and Electronic Structure of Few\u2010Layer Graphene on SiC(0001) Studied with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy","volume":"77","author":"Lauffer P.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physical Review B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2382","article-title":"Towards Wafer\u2010Size Graphene Layers by Atmospheric Pressure Graphitization of Silicon Carbide","volume":"8","author":"Emtsev K. V.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.95.226801","article-title":"Quantum Spin Hall Effect in Graphene","volume":"95","author":"Kane C. L.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physical Review Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3533","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.6b00497","article-title":"Spin Lifetimes Exceeding 12 ns in Graphene Nonlocal Spin Valve Devices","volume":"16","author":"Dr\u00f6geler M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nano Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8260","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.9b02243","article-title":"Recent Advances in Graphene\u2010Like 2D Materials for Spintronics Applications","volume":"31","author":"Choudhuri I.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chemistry of Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aad8038","article-title":"Atomic\u2010Scale Control of Graphene Magnetism by Using Hydrogen Atoms","volume":"352","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Herrero H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.111.166101","article-title":"Interface\u2010Induced Room\u2010Temperature Ferromagnetism in Hydrogenated Epitaxial Graphene","volume":"111","author":"Giesbers A. J. M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physical Review Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.99.216802","article-title":"Biased Bilayer Graphene: Semiconductor with a Gap Tunable by the Electric Field Effect","volume":"99","author":"Castro E. V.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physical Review Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2018.02.084","article-title":"Recent Advancements in 2D\u2010Materials Interface Based Magnetic Junctions for Spintronics","volume":"457","author":"Iqbal M. Z.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15716","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c02154","article-title":"Rashba\u2010Like Spin Textures in Graphene Promoted by Ferromagnet\u2010Mediated Electronic Hybridization with a Heavy Metal","volume":"18","author":"Mu\u00f1iz Cano B.","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7138","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c01713","article-title":"Rashba\u2010Type Dzyaloshinskii\u2013Moriya Interaction, Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy, and Skyrmion States at 2D Materials\/Co Interfaces","volume":"21","author":"Hallal A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nano Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.114.016603","article-title":"Proximity\u2010Induced Ferromagnetism in Graphene Revealed by the Anomalous Hall Effect","volume":"114","author":"Wang Z.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physical Review Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat4603","article-title":"Strong Interfacial Exchange Field in the Graphene\/EuS Heterostructure","volume":"15","author":"Wei P.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3341176","article-title":"Nucleation and Growth of Nickel Nanoclusters on Graphene Moir\u00e9 on Rh(111)","volume":"96","author":"Sicot M.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Applied Physics Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3653241","article-title":"Intercalation of Metal Islands and Films at the Interface of Epitaxially Grown Graphene and Ru(0001) Surfaces","volume":"99","author":"Huang L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Applied Physics Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(99)00135-9","article-title":"Intercalation of Nickel Atoms under Two\u2010Dimensional Graphene Film on (111)Ir","volume":"38","author":"Gall N. R.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.64.155401","article-title":"Formation of Ni\u2010Graphite Intercalation Compounds on SiC","volume":"64","author":"Robbie K.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physical Review B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-011-1448-2","article-title":"Curie Temperature of Nickel","volume":"105","author":"Legendre B.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1039\/c2nr11527a","article-title":"Ni\/Graphene\/Ni Nanostructures for Spintronic Applications","volume":"4","author":"Mandal S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10930","DOI":"10.1021\/nn304424x","article-title":"Graphene\u2010Passivated Nickel as an Oxidation\u2010Resistant Electrode for Spintronics","volume":"6","author":"Dlubak B.","year":"2012","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2023.10.004","article-title":"Spintronic Devices for High\u2010Density Memory and Neuromorphic Computing \u2013 A Review","volume":"70","author":"Chen B.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Materials Today"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.76.245406","article-title":"Structural Properties of the Graphene\u2010SiC(0001) Interface as a Key for the Preparation of Homogeneous Large\u2010Terrace Graphene Surfaces","volume":"76","author":"Riedl C.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physical Review B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.76.235416","article-title":"Imaging the Interface of Epitaxial Graphene with Silicon Carbide via Scanning Tunneling Microscopy","volume":"76","author":"Rutter G. M.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Physical Review B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ppsc.202400141","article-title":"Rapid Synthesis of Uniformly Small Nickel Nanoparticles for the Surface Functionalization of Epitaxial Graphene","volume":"41","author":"Vlamidis Y.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Particle and Particle Systems Characterization"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1726787","article-title":"Atomic View of Surface Self\u2010Diffusion: Tungsten on Tungsten","volume":"44","author":"Ehrlich G.","year":"1966","journal-title":"The Journal of Chemical Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3682","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1707904","article-title":"Step Motion on Crystal Surfaces","volume":"37","author":"Schwoebel R. L.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1657442","article-title":"Step Motion on Crystal Surfaces. II","volume":"40","author":"Schwoebel R. L.","year":"1969","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Physics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2026.121670","article-title":"Kinetically Stabilized Rare\u2010Earth Metal Intercalated In\u2010Between Epitaxial Graphene Layers","volume":"256","author":"Khatun S.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/ktj3-t5qk","article-title":"Intercalant\u2010Induced Kekule Ordering and Gap Opening in Quasifreestanding Graphene","volume":"113","author":"Ngo H. T.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Physical Review B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/admi.202500617","article-title":"From Stripes to Hexagons: Strain\u2010Induced 2D Pb Phases Confined between Graphene and SiC","volume":"12","author":"Gruschwitz M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Advanced Materials Interfaces"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202505640","article-title":"Novel Structures of Gallenene Intercalated in Epitaxial Graphene","volume":"21","author":"Pompei E.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.111.215501","article-title":"Chemically Resolved Interface Structure of Epitaxial Graphene on SiC(0001)","volume":"111","author":"Emery J. D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physical Review Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susc.2013.07.008","article-title":"A Comparative Study of Intercalation Mechanism at Graphene\/Ru(0001) Interface","volume":"617","author":"Jin L.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Surface Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202004695","article-title":"Silicon Carbide Stacking\u2010Order\u2010Induced Doping Variation in Epitaxial Graphene","volume":"30","author":"Momeni Pakdehi D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Advanced Functional Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EY00174A","article-title":"Atomically Imaging Single Atom Catalysts and Their Behaviors by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy","volume":"1","author":"Sun H.","year":"2023","journal-title":"EES Catalysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4165","DOI":"10.1021\/nn1002425","article-title":"Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Simulations of Nitrogen\u2010 and Boron\u2010Doped Graphene and Single\u2010Walled Carbon Nanotubes","volume":"4","author":"Zheng B.","year":"2010","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-577X(01)00246-4","article-title":"Precipitation of Icosahedral Quasicrystalline Phase in Metallic Zr65Al7.5Ni5Cu17.5Re5${\\rm Zr}_{65}{\\rm Al} _{7.5}{\\rm Ni}_5{\\rm Cu}_{17.5}{\\rm Re}_5$ Glass","volume":"50","author":"Li C.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Materials Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s12274-012-0215-4","article-title":"An Exchange Intercalation Mechanism for the Formation of a Two\u2010Dimensional Si Structure Underneath Graphene","volume":"5","author":"Cui Y.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nano Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.86.2337","article-title":"Atomically Resolved Images from Near Node Photoelectron Holography Experiments on Al(111)","volume":"86","author":"Wider J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Physical Review Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2014.03.018","article-title":"X\u2010Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism\u2013A Versatile Tool to Study Magnetism","volume":"277","author":"Laan G.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Coordination Chemistry Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.susc.2006.01.041","article-title":"New Interpretations of XPS Spectra of Nickel Metal and Oxides","volume":"600","author":"Grosvenor A. P.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Surface Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elspec.2003.10.002","article-title":"Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopic Investigation of Ni Metal and NiO before and after Surface Reduction by Ar+$Ar^+$ Bombardment","volume":"134","author":"Hagelin\u2010Weaver H. A. E.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.04.024","article-title":"In Situ Synthesis of Nickel Carbide\u2010Promoted Nickel\/Carbon Nanofibers Nanocomposite Catalysts for Catalytic Applications","volume":"275","author":"Kang J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22571","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpcc.6b01555","article-title":"In Situ Observations of Phase Transitions in Metastable Nickel (Carbide)\/Carbon Nanocomposites","volume":"120","author":"Bayer B. C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry C"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23342","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.202109373","article-title":"Sulfur\u2010Dopant\u2010Promoted Electroreduction of CO2 over Coordinatively Unsaturated Ni\u2010N2 Moieties","volume":"60","author":"Jia C.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angewandte Chemie International Edition"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202310082","article-title":"Uniting Synergistic Effect of Single\u2010Ni Site and Electric Field of B\u2010Bridged\u2010N for Boosted Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia","volume":"20","author":"Ajmal S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.77.155303","article-title":"Interaction, Growth, and Ordering of Epitaxial Graphene on SiC{0001} Surfaces: A Comparative Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study","volume":"77","author":"Emtsev K. V.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physical Review B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_81_1","article-title":"Advanced Capabilities for Materials Modelling with Quantum ESPRESSO","volume":"29","author":"Giannozzi P.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.89.121103","article-title":"Van der Waals Density Functional Made Accurate","volume":"89","author":"Hamada I.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physical Review B"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.88.085117","article-title":"Optimized Norm\u2010Conserving Vanderbilt Pseudopotentials","volume":"88","author":"Hamann D. R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physical Review B"}],"container-title":["Advanced Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.77456","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/advs.77456","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.77456","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T04:52:47Z","timestamp":1788497567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/advs.77456"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"references-count":82,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/advs.77456"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.77456","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-3844","2198-3844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-3844","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-3844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-03","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e77456"}}