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This metric is useful for quasi\u20102D evaporators and dilute feeds, but it does not resolve the coupled constraints that emerge in 3D architectures during brine operation. Here, porous polyvinyl alcohol\/graphene nanoplatelet evaporators are used to identify the transition from evaporation\u2010cooled operation to brine transport limitation. GNP incorporation increases dry photothermal temperatures to 150\u2013180\u00b0C; however, this dry\u2010state ranking is not preserved under brine. Under DI water and 3.5\u00a0wt.% NaCl, evaporative cooling suppresses dry\u2010temperature differences and produces stable wet operation. Under 20\u00a0wt.% NaCl, several architectures develop delayed sensible heat accumulation after the early operating period despite no visible salt accumulation. Two evaporators with similar dry photothermal temperatures show sharply different brine responses: the low exposed\u2010boundary structure reaches 131.34\u00b0C after 4\u00a0h, whereas the high exposed\u2010boundary structure shows only 5.34\u00b0C late\u2010stage thermal drift and retains the highest brine\u2010flux stability. Local conductivity, salt mass balance, transport descriptors, and side\u2010sealed controls show that brine\u2010stable 3D evaporation requires matched heat generation, capillary replenishment, salt redistribution, and vapor removal, rather than maximum dry temperature, first\u2010hour flux, or visual salt suppression as sole performance criteria alone.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T02:39:26Z","timestamp":1788143966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interfacial Salinity\u2013Transport Matching in 3D Solar Evaporators: A Framework for Brine\u2010Stable Solar Interfacial Evaporation"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0432-8527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Sajad","family":"Sorayani Bafqi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"SMaRT Research Group Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6990-7359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arun Prakash","family":"Aranga Raju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Levidian Nanosystems Limited Levidian Technology Centre  Cambridge UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3301-4970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omid","family":"Doustdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SMaRT Research Group Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Nekouie Esfahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Manufacturing Technology Centre Ltd  Coventry UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5881-2704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Sadaghiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SMaRT Research Group Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202510796"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202509017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5449"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578\u2010020\u20100182\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202104181"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2026.120112"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202513172"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010022\u201028457\u20108"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202511600","article-title":"Ultrathin, Unsinkable, Janus\u2010Faced Solar\u2013Thermal Interfacial Evaporator for High\u2010Throughput Seawater Distillation and Solar\u2010Water Production","volume":"13","author":"Villan M. 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