{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:11:07Z","timestamp":1788930667789,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSFC 32401233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSFC 32401233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Anti\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>N\u2010methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartate<\/jats:italic>\n                    receptor encephalitis (NMDAR\u2010E) is a prevalent autoimmune neurological disorder, yet T cell\u2010driven immunopathology and its contributions to therapeutic resistance and fulminant neuroinflammation remain poorly defined. Integrative single\u2010cell multi\u2010omic profiling, combining single\u2010cell RNA sequencing, single\u2010cell T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing, and cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing, is applied to systematically map peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune landscapes in treatment\u2010na\u00efve NMDAR\u2010E patients, with orthogonal validation conducted across independent cohorts via multiparameter flow cytometry and ex vivo NR1 peptide stimulation. Clonally expanded CX3CR1\u2010expressing CD4\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    and CD8\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    T cells are identified as a core disease\u2010associated effector population, characterized by high predicted affinity for the pathogenic GluN1 N368\/G369 epitope, robust proinflammatory and cytotoxic transcriptional programs, and enhanced intercellular crosstalk with activated B cells through major histocompatibility complex (MHC), CD99, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling axes. Preferentially enriched in patient CSF, these cells produce elevated interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) and tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 (TNF\u2010\u03b1) upon antigen\u2010specific stimulation, collectively highlighting a disease\u2010associated inflammatory T cell state linked to peripheral immune activation and CNS immune remodeling, with potential translational relevance for future biomarker and therapeutic investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:53:20Z","timestamp":1788929600000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Single\u2010Cell Profiling Reveals Clonally Expanded CX3CR1\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    T Cells in Anti\u2010NMDA Receptor Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3518-6082","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6234-9955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erdi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2273-3286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuwen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0509-200X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zirui","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sisi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Cancer Center Chongqing University Cancer Hospital  Chongqing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5141-0823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yimeng","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LKS Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2294-3945","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohe","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC) Department of Radiology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yangyi","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Surgical Specializations University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3349-6770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Battaglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Bioengineering of Catalunya (IBEC) The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry University College London (UCL)  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7101-4125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0829-8986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8077-3908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Binwu","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Institution of Medical and Engineering Integration for Molecular Diagnosis West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7411-8269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7989-0330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minjin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Medicine Research Center West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Laboratory Medicine  Chengdu Sichuan China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu Sichuan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(15)00401\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2021.08.223"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2024.3818"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474\u20104422(12)70310\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp\u20102024\u2010335400"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000633"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir1038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577\u2010021\u201000652\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000659"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa250"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2025.102027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.adn2784"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2025.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abl6157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010023\u201006916\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.13627"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1064007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aaw0044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws082"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e318228c136"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413682"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.05.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2025.110506"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111743"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.11.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.70173"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2007.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26030959"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577243"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958\u2010020\u201000661\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.180.4.1329"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010022\u201005474\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593\u2010023\u201001487\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awac088"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1233908"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2024.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000001270"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256\u2010023\u201000619\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592\u2010024\u201002243\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046\u2010022\u201002566\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood\u20102006\u201011\u2010056168"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.add1823"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577\u2010019\u20100203\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010immunol\u2010083122\u2010040929"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102567.2010.03342.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501634"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13293\u2010024\u201000618\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415\u2010024\u201012545\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380\u2010023\u201002303\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1283511"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00129"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.06.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2025.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2011.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202500026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2023.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002\u20109440(10)61755\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1561102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.07.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035\u2010023\u201003810\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adx0043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577\u2010024\u201001035\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2308917"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582\u2010021\u201000568\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.850998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn113694\u201020220219\u201000118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073\u2010023\u201001249\u20105"}],"container-title":["Advanced Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.77608","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/advs.77608","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.77608","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:53:24Z","timestamp":1788929604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/advs.77608"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/advs.77608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.77608","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-3844","2198-3844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-3844","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-3844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-18","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-28","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e77608"}}