{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T16:58:58Z","timestamp":1791910738905,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Magnetoelectric nanoparticles (MENPs) represent a promising approach for wireless, minimally invasive neuromodulation with submillimetre precision. This study presents a multi\u2010scale computational framework that bridges the gap from single\u2010nanoparticle magnetoelectric properties to tissue\u2010level electric field distributions, establishing a digital twin approach adaptable to different experimental platforms. The framework operates across three interconnected levels. (1). At the nanoscale, a 2D axisymmetric COMSOL model characterizes individual MENP response, integrating experimental data from cobalt ferrite cores (15\u201320\u00a0nm diameter) with barium titanate shells. Parametric analysis reveals that larger cores generate higher electric potentials due to increased magnetostrictive volume. (2). At the in vitro level, electromagnetic simulations replicate the experimental setup as a digital twin, establishing baseline field distributions and confirming that coil\u2010induced electric fields alone remain below neuromodulation thresholds. (3). At the tissue scale, a dipole\u2010based approach models collective MENP behavior at physiologically relevant concentrations (0.1% and 0.2% w\/v). Results demonstrate that MENPs generate widespread electric fields exceeding 10\u00a0V\/m (77%\u201392% tissue coverage) with localized hotspots surpassing 100\u00a0V\/m, intensities sufficient for neural modulation and activation. The framework provides quantitative predictions for optimizing nanoparticle design and stimulation parameters, supporting the rational development of MENP\u2010based neuromodulation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:29:41Z","timestamp":1789100981000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Multi\u2010Scale Computational Framework for Evaluating Wireless Neuromodulation Feasibility via Magnetoelectric Nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5941-297X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Bonato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT) CNR  Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1681-5573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elric","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multi\u2010Scale Robotics Lab Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems ETH Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2503-4779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma","family":"Chiaramello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT) CNR  Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6568-8841","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serena","family":"Fiocchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT) CNR  Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8504-7099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia","family":"Suarato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT) CNR  Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8018-7326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentin","family":"Gantenbein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multi\u2010Scale Robotics Lab Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems ETH Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2640-2828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalia","family":"Cancino\u2010Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Facultat de Medicina i Ci\u00e8ncies de la Salut Universitat De Barcelona (UB)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3342-2889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Suarez\u2010Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria V.","family":"Sanchez\u2010Vives","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"ICREA  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0147-8287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvador","family":"Pan\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multi\u2010Scale Robotics Lab Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems ETH Z\u00fcrich  Z\u00fcrich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9008-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Parazzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT) CNR  Milano Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2023.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnp.2022.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.13069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2021.158"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1027\/1016\u20109040\/a000242"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600\u20100447.2002.1r179.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010018\u201002928\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1516\u20104446\u20102017\u20100018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtbio.2021.100149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2021.101046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1673\u20105374.340411"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1781"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2020.102337"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm\u20102018\u20100139"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2024.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2022.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311\u2010021\u201001071\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm.15.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201012303\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274676"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2023.1219777"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compscitech.2017.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741\u20102552\/ac9085"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202302871"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42234\u2010025\u201000187\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2025.108862"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actamat.2009.09.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2013.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2025.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/246819"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2025.11.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.76867"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/20.539337"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42234\u2010025\u201000198\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","volume-title":"Defense Technical Information Center","author":"Gabriel C.","year":"1996"}],"container-title":["Advanced Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.77667","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/advs.77667","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/advs.77667","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T04:29:42Z","timestamp":1789100982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/advs.77667"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/advs.77667"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/advs.77667","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2198-3844","2198-3844"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2198-3844","type":"print"},{"value":"2198-3844","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-02-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e77667"}}