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Space\u2013time modulation offers a powerful means of shaping radiation for secure transmission by exploiting temporal degrees of freedom, but its achievable control is often limited by hardware\u2010bound modulation dimensions, with further expansion incurring substantial system complexity. Here, we propose a new digitally mediated space\u2013time modulation paradigm that significantly expands multi\u2010dimensional radiation\u2010control capability with minimal hardware overhead. By coherently coupling digital baseband processing with analog time modulation, the proposed architecture enables simultaneous multi\u2010beam transmission of distinct waveforms while effectively reducing waveform observability in unintended spatial regions. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements of a multi\u2010target prototype verify that complex radiation behaviours and intrinsic physical\u2010layer security can be achieved using simple periodic modulation, providing a versatile strategy for radiation\u2010domain control in next\u2010generation sensing and communication systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T18:00:31Z","timestamp":1790532031000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi\u2010Dimensional Physical\u2010Layer Security via Digitally Mediated Space\u2013Time Modulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9285-7102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kejin","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4062-0476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heng","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3890-565X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8226-1663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gengbo","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8791-6374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University  Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3802-1144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yikai","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6683-9034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shi\u2010Wei","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1546-8947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC)  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adf1094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OME.471007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/181332a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"502","article-title":"Magnetless Microwave Circulators Based on Spatiotemporally Modulated Rings of Coupled Resonators","volume":"64","author":"Estep N. 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