{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T05:09:26Z","timestamp":1788930566223,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788825600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42577080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42577080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advanced Science"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Acidic CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    electrolysis to formic acid circumvents carbonate formation and enables direct product recovery, yet is hindered by severe competition between formate\u2010producing *OCHO and hydrogen\u2010producing *H intermediates. Here, we develop a hierarchical site\u2010solvation\u2010transport regulation strategy to direct this competition toward formic acid. Mixed, undercoordinated Sn\/SnO\n                    <jats:sub>x<\/jats:sub>\n                    nanoclusters provide catalytic environments associated with the *OCHO pathway, while K\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010dependent interfacial solvation is associated with reduced hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) competition and enhanced formic acid selectivity. A Janus asymmetric\u2010wettability electrode further stabilizes CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    mass transport and prevents electrolyte flooding, sustaining a favorable cathodic microenvironment. This integrated strategy achieves \u223c85% formic acid Faradaic efficiency in acidic media with an initial 18\u00a0h stability window at 400\u00a0mA cm\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    . This work establishes a multiscale strategy for coupling intermediate selectivity with mass\u2010transport management in acidic CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    electrolysis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.77692","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T04:55:19Z","timestamp":1788929719000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High\u2010Current\u2010Density Acidic CO\n                    <sub>2<\/sub>\n                    Electroreduction to Formic Acid Enabled by Multiscale Microenvironment Regulation Over Defect\u2010Rich Sn\/SnO\n                    <sub>x<\/sub>"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Qiaoqi","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Utilization School of Environmental Science and Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"College of Environment and Resources College of Carbon Neutral Zhejiang A&amp;F University  Hangzhou Zhejiang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Utilization School of Environmental Science and Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jinhua Academy of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University  Jinhua Zhejiang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunyu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Utilization School of Environmental Science and Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Utilization School of Environmental Science and Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Utilization School of Environmental Science and Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huajun","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Environment and Resources College of Carbon Neutral Zhejiang A&amp;F 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